Massimi a blocchi

Finora hai lavorato con un portafoglio di quattro banche d'investimento per il periodo 2005 - 2010. Ora ti concentrerai su un singolo asset, l'azione di General Electric, per lo stesso periodo e applicherai la teoria dei valori estremi alla sua serie storica.

In questo esercizio, esaminerai la serie temporale dei massimi a blocchi delle losses di GE nel periodo 2008 - 2009, usando il metodo .resample() per tre diverse lunghezze di blocco: una settimana, un mese e un trimestre, visualizzando ciascuna serie in un grafico usando gli oggetti di plot axis_*.

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Gestione quantitativa del rischio in Python

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# Resample the data into weekly blocks
weekly_maxima = losses.____("W").____()

# Plot the resulting weekly maxima
axis_1.plot(____, label = "Weekly Maxima")
axis_1.legend()
plt.figure("weekly")
plt.show()

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Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Gestione quantitativa del rischio in Python

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Risk management begins with an understanding of risk and return. We’ll recap how risk and return are related to each other, identify risk factors, and use them to re-acquaint ourselves with Modern Portfolio Theory applied to the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.

Exercise 1: Welcome!Exercise 2: Portfolio returns during the crisis Exercise 3: Asset covariance and portfolio volatility Exercise 4: Risk factors and the financial crisis Exercise 5: Frequency resampling primer Exercise 6: Visualizing risk factor correlation Exercise 7: Least-squares factor model Exercise 8: Modern portfolio theory Exercise 9: Practice with PyPortfolioOpt: returns Exercise 10: Practice with PyPortfolioOpt: covariance Exercise 11: Breaking down the financial crisis Exercise 12: The efficient frontier and the financial crisis

Now it’s time to expand your portfolio optimization toolkit with risk measures such as Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR). To do this you will use specialized Python libraries including pandas, scipy, and pypfopt. You’ll also learn how to mitigate risk exposure using the Black-Scholes model to hedge an options portfolio.

Exercise 1: Measuring Risk Exercise 2: VaR for the Normal distribution Exercise 3: Comparing CVaR and VaR Exercise 4: Which risk measure is "better"?Exercise 5: Risk exposure and loss Exercise 6: What's your risk appetite?Exercise 7: VaR and risk exposure Exercise 8: CVaR and risk exposure Exercise 9: Risk management using VaR & CVaR Exercise 10: VaR from a fitted distribution Exercise 11: Minimizing CVaR Exercise 12: CVaR risk management and the crisis Exercise 13: Portfolio hedging: offsetting risk Exercise 14: Black-Scholes options pricing Exercise 15: Options pricing and the underlying asset Exercise 16: Using options for hedging

In this chapter, you’ll estimate risk measures using parametric estimation and historical real-world data. You'll then discover how Monte Carlo simulation can help you predict uncertainty. Lastly, you’ll learn how the global financial crisis signaled that randomness itself was changing, by understanding structural breaks and how to identify them.

Exercise 1: Parametric Estimation Exercise 2: Parameter estimation: Normal Exercise 3: Parameter estimation: Skewed Normal Exercise 4: Historical and Monte Carlo Simulation Exercise 5: Historical Simulation Exercise 6: Monte Carlo Simulation Exercise 7: Structural breaks Exercise 8: Crisis structural break: I Exercise 9: Crisis structural break: II Exercise 10: Crisis structural break: III Exercise 11: Volatility and extreme values Exercise 12: Volatility and structural breaks Exercise 13: Extreme values and backtesting

It's time to explore more general risk management tools. These advanced techniques are pivotal when attempting to understand extreme events, such as losses incurred during the financial crisis, and complicated loss distributions which may defy traditional estimation techniques. You’ll also discover how neural networks can be implemented to approximate loss distributions and conduct real-time portfolio optimization.

Exercise 1: Teoria dei valori estremi Exercise 2: Massimi a blocchi

Esercizio in corso

Exercise 3: Eventi estremi durante la crisi Exercise 4: Stima del rischio con GEV Exercise 5: Stima tramite kernel density Exercise 6: KDE di una distribuzione di perdite Exercise 7: Quale distribuzione?Exercise 8: CVaR e scelta della copertura delle perdite Exercise 9: Gestione del rischio con reti neurali Exercise 10: Reti neurali a singolo strato Exercise 11: Previsione del prezzo di un asset Exercise 12: Gestione del rischio in tempo reale Exercise 13: Riepilogo e passi futuri