Bekerja dengan nilai hilang

R menyimpan nilai hilang sebagai NA, yang memiliki perilaku khusus. Setelah Anda dapat mendefinisikan data hilang dan memahami bagaimana R menyimpan nilai hilang, dapatkah Anda memprediksi apa yang akan terjadi ketika kita melakukan operasi dengan beberapa nilai hilang?

Apa keluaran dari empat perintah berikut di R? Cobalah di konsol kode untuk mengujinya sebelum Anda mengirimkan jawaban.

1 + NA
NA + NA
NA | TRUE
NA | FALSE

Latihan ini adalah bagian dari kursus

Menangani Data Hilang di R

Latihan interaktif praktis

Ubah teori menjadi tindakan dengan salah satu latihan interaktif kami.

Mulai berolahraga

Latihan ini adalah bagian dari kursus

Menangani Data Hilang di R

SkillTag.level.beginnerSkillTag.label

4.8+

Mulai Kursus Gratis

Chapter 1 introduces you to missing data, explaining what missing values are, their behavior in R, how to detect them, and how to count them. We then introduce missing data summaries and how to summarise missingness across cases, variables, and how to explore across groups within the data. Finally, we discuss missing data visualizations, how to produce overview visualizations for the entire dataset and over variables, cases, and other summaries, and how to explore these across groups.

Exercise 1: Pengantar data hilang Exercise 2: Menggunakan dan menemukan nilai hilang Exercise 3: Ada berapa nilai hilang?Exercise 4: Bekerja dengan nilai hilang

Latihan Saat Ini

Exercise 5: Mengapa peduli pada nilai yang hilang?Exercise 6: Merangkum keberadaan nilai hilang Exercise 7: Membuat Tabel Keberadaan Data Hilang Exercise 8: Ringkasan lain tentang keberadaan nilai hilang Exercise 9: Bagaimana cara memvisualisasikan nilai yang hilang?Exercise 10: Visualisasi pertama Anda tentang data yang hilang Exercise 11: Memvisualisasikan kasus dan variabel yang hilang Exercise 12: Memvisualisasikan pola data hilang

In chapter two, you will learn how to uncover hidden missing values like "missing" or "N/A" and replace them with `NA`. You will learn how to efficiently handle implicit missing values - those values implied to be missing, but not explicitly listed. We also cover how to explore missing data dependence, discussing Missing Completely at Random (MCAR), Missing At Random (MAR), Missing Not At Random (MNAR), and what they mean for your data analysis.

Exercise 1: Searching for and replacing missing values Exercise 2: Using miss_scan_count Exercise 3: Using replace_with_na Exercise 4: Using replace_with_na scoped variants Exercise 5: Filling down missing values Exercise 6: Fix implicit missings using complete()Exercise 7: Fix explicit missings using fill()Exercise 8: Using complete() and fill() together Exercise 9: Missing Data dependence Exercise 10: Differences between MCAR and MAR Exercise 11: Exploring missingness dependence Exercise 12: Further exploring missingness dependence

In this chapter, you will learn about workflows for working with missing data. We introduce special data structures, the shadow matrix, and nabular data, and demonstrate how to use them in workflows for exploring missing data so that you can link summaries of missingness back to values in the data. You will learn how to use ggplot to explore and visualize how values changes as other variables go missing. Finally, you learn how to visualize missingness across two variables, and how and why to visualize missings in a scatterplot.

Exercise 1: Tools to explore missing data dependence Exercise 2: Creating shadow matrix data Exercise 3: Performing grouped summaries of missingness Exercise 4: Further exploring more combinations of missingness Exercise 5: Visualizing missingness across one variable Exercise 6: Nabular data and filling by missingness Exercise 7: Nabular data and summarising by missingness Exercise 8: Explore variation by missingness: box plots Exercise 9: Visualizing missingness across two variables Exercise 10: Exploring missing data with scatter plots Exercise 11: Using facets to explore missingness Exercise 12: Faceting to explore missingness (multiple plots)

In this chapter, you will learn about filling in the missing values in your data, which is called imputation. You will learn how to impute and track missing values, and what the good and bad features of imputations are so that you can explore, visualise, and evaluate the imputed data against the original values. You will learn how to use, evaluate, and compare different imputation models, and explore how different imputation models affect the inferences you can draw from the models.

Exercise 1: Filling in the blanks Exercise 2: Impute data below range with nabular data Exercise 3: Visualize imputed values in a scatter plot Exercise 4: Create histogram of imputed data Exercise 5: What makes a good imputation Exercise 6: Evaluating bad imputations Exercise 7: Evaluating imputations: The scale Exercise 8: Evaluating imputations: Across many variables Exercise 9: Performing imputations Exercise 10: Using simputation to impute data Exercise 11: Evaluating and comparing imputations Exercise 12: Evaluating imputations (many models & variables)Exercise 13: Evaluating imputations and models Exercise 14: Combining and comparing many imputation models Exercise 15: Evaluating the different parameters in the model Exercise 16: Final Lesson