In this chapter, you will dive into creating your first structural equation model with lavaan. You will learn important terminology, how to build, and run models. You will create a one-factor model of mental test abilities using the classic Holzinger and Swineford (1939) dataset.

Model Specification

Build Text Speed Model

Build Political Democracy Model

Model Analysis

Analyze Text Speed Model

Summarize Political Democracy

Model Assessment

Examine Standardized Loadings

Explore Fit Indices

Examine Political Democracy

One-Factor Models

In this chapter, you will expand your skills in lavaan to creating multi-factor models. We will improve the one-factor models from the last chapter by creating multiple latent variables in the classic Holzinger and Swineford (1939) dataset.

Multifactor Specification

Create a Zero df Model

Fix the Zero df Model

Build a Multi-Factor Model

Summarize the Multi-Factor Model

Model Structure

Three-Factor Model with Zero Correlation

Create a Direct Path

Modification Indices

Check Model Variance

Examine Modification Indices

Model Comparison

Compare Two Models

Select Specific Fit Indices

Multi-Factor Models

Structural equation models do not always run smoothly, and in this chapter, you will learn how to troubleshoot Heywood cases which are common errors. You will also learn how to diagram your model in R using the semPlot library.

Heywood Cases on the Latent Variable

Analyze a Latent Heywood Case

Fix the Latent Heywood Model

Heywood Cases on the Manifest Variables

Analyze a Manifest Heywood Case

Fix the Manifest Heywood Model

Create Diagrams with semPaths()

Basic SEM Diagram

Edit the Layout

Edit the Labels

Troubleshooting Model Errors and Diagrams

This chapter examines the WAIS-III IQ Scale and its structural properties. You will use your skills from the first three chapters to create various models of the WAIS-III, troubleshoot errors in those models, and create diagrams of the final model.

Model the WAIS-III IQ Scale

Create a Four-Factor Model

Update the Model

Diagram the Final Model

Update the WAIS-III Model

Add Paths to Improve Fit

Compare Models

A Hierarchical Model of IQ

Create a Hierarchical Model

Diagram the Hierarchical Model

Course Wrap Up

Full Example and an Extension

WAIS-III IQ Data for Hierarchical Model

Latent Variable Heywood Case Data

Negative Variance Heywood Case Data

When working with data, we often want to create models to predict future events, but we also want an even deeper understanding of how our data is connected or structured. In this course, you will explore the connectedness of data using using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the R programming language using the lavaan package. SEM will introduce you to latent and manifest variables and how to create measurement models, assess measurement model accuracy, and fix poor fitting models. During the course, you will explore classic SEM datasets, such as the Holzinger and Swineford (1939) and Bollen (1989) datasets. You will also work through a multi-factor model case study using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Following this course, you will be able to dive into your data and gain a much deeper understanding of how it all fits together.

Intermediate Regression in R

Learn how to create and assess measurement models used to confirm the structure of a scale or questionnaire.

Structural Equation Modeling with lavaan in R

Create a Direct Path

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