Tijdwaarde van geld

De kern van de tijdwaarde van geld is dat je liever vandaag $1 ontvangt dan morgen $1. Als je vandaag $1 laat schieten, moet je daar in de toekomst meer dan $1 voor terugkrijgen. Hoeveel meer heb je nodig om onverschillig te zijn tussen nu $1 ontvangen en wachten? Stel dat je een jaarlijks rendement van 5% verwacht op een vergelijkbare investering. We kunnen dat percentage gebruiken om de waarde vandaag te berekenen van het ontvangen van $1 over één jaar. Daarna kun je dit eenvoudig uitbreiden naar $1 over twee jaar, enzovoort. Voor deze oefening zijn de variabelen toekomstige waarde fv (gelijk aan $100) en het verwachte rendement r (gelijk aan 5%) al in het geheugen opgeslagen. Gebruik deze variabelen om de contante waarde te berekenen van $100 over één jaar en van $100 over twee jaar. Je zult zien dat hoe verder in de toekomst het bedrag ligt, diezelfde $100 vandaag minder waard is.

Deze oefening maakt deel uit van de cursus

Aandelenwaardering in R

Cursus bekijken

Oefeninstructies

Bereken de contante waarde van $100 over één jaar.
Bereken de contante waarde van $100 over twee jaar.

Praktische interactieve oefening

Probeer deze oefening eens door deze voorbeeldcode in te vullen.

# Calculate PV of $100 one year from now
pv_1 <- ___
pv_1

# Calculate PV of $100 two years from now
pv_2 <- ___
pv_2

Code bewerken en uitvoeren

Deze oefening maakt deel uit van de cursus

Aandelenwaardering in R

SkillTag.level.intermediateSkillTag.label

4.9+

Begin de cursus gratis

Many individuals and institutions invest in equities. To do so effectively, the investor must have a solid understanding of how the value of the equity compares to the stock price. In this course, we focus on fundamental concepts of equity valuation. We begin with a discussion of time value of money and then move on to the first of two discounted cash flow methods we will discuss - the free cash flow to equity valuation model.

Exercise 1: Cursusintro en fundamentele waardering Exercise 2: Tijdwaarde van geld

Huidige oefening

Exercise 3: Verschil tussen de waardering van enterprise- en equity-kasstromen Exercise 4: Het Free Cash Flow to Equity-model Exercise 5: Operationele winst berekenen Exercise 6: Bereken Free Cash Flow to Equity Exercise 7: Terminale waarde berekenen Exercise 8: De waarde van eigen vermogen berekenen Exercise 9: Contante waarde van Free Cash Flow to Equity berekenen Exercise 10: Contante waarde van de terminal value berekenen Exercise 11: Aandelenwaarde berekenen

One of the critical components of free cash flow to equity valuation is using reliable projections. In the first part of this chapter, we will discuss ways to analyze the projections to help us identify the right questions to ask. In the second part of this chapter, we will go through the second of our discounted cash flow models - the dividend discount model. In this approach, we discount expected dividends instead of free cash flows.

Exercise 1: Analyzing the Projections Exercise 2: Analyze Revenue Trends - Bar Chart Exercise 3: Analyze Revenue Trends - Regression Exercise 4: Perpetuity Growth Rate Exercise 5: Calculate Retention Ratio Exercise 6: Perpetuity Growth Rate Calculation Exercise 7: Dividend Discount Model Exercise 8: Valuing Preferred Stock Exercise 9: Valuation Assuming No Dividends For First Few Years Exercise 10: Valuation Assuming 2-Stages of Dividends

To be able to discount cash flows, we need a discount rate. For the free cash flow to equity and dividend discount model, the cost of equity is the appropriate discount rate. In this chapter, we will discuss how each of the components of the cost of equity are calculated.

Exercise 1: What is a discount rate?Exercise 2: Risk and Return Exercise 3: Calculating Returns Exercise 4: Estimating Beta Exercise 5: Unlevering Betas Exercise 6: Hamada vs. Fernandez Formula Exercise 7: Beta Unlevering Exercise Exercise 8: Beta Relevering Exercise Exercise 9: Risk-Free Rate and Equity Risk Premium Exercise 10: Obtain Risk-Free Rate Data Exercise 11: Calculate Historical Equity Risk Premium Exercise 12: Calculate the Cost of Equity

Relative valuation allows us to use the valuation of comparable companies to infer the value of our subject firm. In this chapter, we discuss how to identify comparable companies and how to calculate valuation multiples. We also show how to analyze the determinants of multiples.

Exercise 1: Relative Valuation Exercise 2: Identifying Comparable Firms Exercise 3: Valuation Multiples Exercise 4: Calculating Valuation Multiples Exercise 5: Calculating the Relevant Multiple Exercise 6: Implied Price Exercise 7: Analyzing Determinants of Multiples Exercise 8: Calculate ROE and P/B Exercise 9: Plot P/B vs. ROE Exercise 10: Strength of Relationship Exercise 11: Implied Price Using Regression Exercise 12: Difference in Implied Values

This chapter combines the lessons from Chapters 1 to 4 in a series of exercises. You will be asked to inspect the data and to value the firm using discounted cash flow and relative valuation approaches. At the end, you will combine the results in a summary table.

Exercise 1: Fundamental Valuation: Analyzing Projections Exercise 2: Visually Inspecting the Data Exercise 3: Using Regression to Test the Projections Exercise 4: Fundamental Valuation: Implementation Exercise 5: Cost of Equity Exercise 6: Calculate Value During Projection Period Exercise 7: Calculate the Terminal Value Exercise 8: Equity Value Per Free Cash Flow to Equity Model Exercise 9: Equity Value per Dividend Discount Model Exercise 10: Relative Valuation Exercise 11: Equity Value Per Price-to-Earnings Multiples Exercise 12: Combine valuation into a summary table Exercise 13: Congratulations!