Ispezionare visivamente i dati

Ti vengono forniti i dati sui ricavi storici (hist_rev) e sui ricavi previsti (proj_rev) di un'azienda. Crea un grafico a barre dei dati, colorando in modo diverso i ricavi storici e quelli previsti, e aggiungi un titolo al grafico e una legenda. I dati sui ricavi sono nell'oggetto rev, che è già in memoria.

Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Valutazione azionaria in R

Visualizza il corso

Istruzioni dell'esercizio

Crea un grafico a barre, colora i dati storici in rosso e quelli previsti in blu, e aggiungi il titolo "Historical vs. Projected Revenues".
Crea una legenda con le etichette "Historical" e "Projected" con colori corrispondenti alle barre.

Esercizio pratico interattivo

Prova a risolvere questo esercizio completando il codice di esempio.

# Create a bar chart
barplot(rev,
    col = c(___, ___),
    main = ___)

# Add legend
legend("topleft",
       legend = c(___, ___),
       fill = c(___, ___))

Modifica ed esegui il codice

Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Valutazione azionaria in R

IntermediárioNível de habilidade

4.9+

Inizia il corso gratis

Many individuals and institutions invest in equities. To do so effectively, the investor must have a solid understanding of how the value of the equity compares to the stock price. In this course, we focus on fundamental concepts of equity valuation. We begin with a discussion of time value of money and then move on to the first of two discounted cash flow methods we will discuss - the free cash flow to equity valuation model.

Exercise 1: Course Intro and Fundamental Valuation Exercise 2: Time Value of Money Exercise 3: Difference Between Valuing Enterprise and Equity Cash Flows Exercise 4: The Free Cash Flow to Equity Model Exercise 5: Calculating Operating Profit Exercise 6: Calculate Free Cash Flow to Equity Exercise 7: Calculating Terminal Value Exercise 8: Calculating Equity Value Exercise 9: Calculating Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity Exercise 10: Calculate Present Value of Terminal Value Exercise 11: Calculate Equity Value

One of the critical components of free cash flow to equity valuation is using reliable projections. In the first part of this chapter, we will discuss ways to analyze the projections to help us identify the right questions to ask. In the second part of this chapter, we will go through the second of our discounted cash flow models - the dividend discount model. In this approach, we discount expected dividends instead of free cash flows.

Exercise 1: Analyzing the Projections Exercise 2: Analyze Revenue Trends - Bar Chart Exercise 3: Analyze Revenue Trends - Regression Exercise 4: Perpetuity Growth Rate Exercise 5: Calculate Retention Ratio Exercise 6: Perpetuity Growth Rate Calculation Exercise 7: Dividend Discount Model Exercise 8: Valuing Preferred Stock Exercise 9: Valuation Assuming No Dividends For First Few Years Exercise 10: Valuation Assuming 2-Stages of Dividends

To be able to discount cash flows, we need a discount rate. For the free cash flow to equity and dividend discount model, the cost of equity is the appropriate discount rate. In this chapter, we will discuss how each of the components of the cost of equity are calculated.

Exercise 1: What is a discount rate?Exercise 2: Risk and Return Exercise 3: Calculating Returns Exercise 4: Estimating Beta Exercise 5: Unlevering Betas Exercise 6: Hamada vs. Fernandez Formula Exercise 7: Beta Unlevering Exercise Exercise 8: Beta Relevering Exercise Exercise 9: Risk-Free Rate and Equity Risk Premium Exercise 10: Obtain Risk-Free Rate Data Exercise 11: Calculate Historical Equity Risk Premium Exercise 12: Calculate the Cost of Equity

Relative valuation allows us to use the valuation of comparable companies to infer the value of our subject firm. In this chapter, we discuss how to identify comparable companies and how to calculate valuation multiples. We also show how to analyze the determinants of multiples.

Exercise 1: Relative Valuation Exercise 2: Identifying Comparable Firms Exercise 3: Valuation Multiples Exercise 4: Calculating Valuation Multiples Exercise 5: Calculating the Relevant Multiple Exercise 6: Implied Price Exercise 7: Analyzing Determinants of Multiples Exercise 8: Calculate ROE and P/B Exercise 9: Plot P/B vs. ROE Exercise 10: Strength of Relationship Exercise 11: Implied Price Using Regression Exercise 12: Difference in Implied Values

This chapter combines the lessons from Chapters 1 to 4 in a series of exercises. You will be asked to inspect the data and to value the firm using discounted cash flow and relative valuation approaches. At the end, you will combine the results in a summary table.

Exercise 1: Valutazione fondamentale: analizzare le proiezioni Exercise 2: Ispezionare visivamente i dati

Esercizio in corso

Exercise 3: Usare la regressione per testare le proiezioni Exercise 4: Valutazione fondamentale: implementazione Exercise 5: Costo del capitale proprio Exercise 6: Calcola il valore nel periodo di proiezione Exercise 7: Calcola il valore terminale Exercise 8: Valore azionario con il modello Free Cash Flow to Equity Exercise 9: Valore dell'Equity con il Dividend Discount Model Exercise 10: Valutazione relativa Exercise 11: Valore azionario per multipli Prezzo/Utili Exercise 12: Combina le valutazioni in una tabella riepilogativa Exercise 13: Congratulazioni!