The low-level approach with multiple examples

In this exercise, we'll build further intuition for the low-level approach by constructing the first dense hidden layer for the case where we have multiple examples. We'll assume the model is trained and the first layer weights, weights1, and bias, bias1, are available. We'll then perform matrix multiplication of the borrower_features tensor by the weights1 variable. Recall that the borrower_features tensor includes education, marital status, and age. Finally, we'll apply the sigmoid function to the elements of products1 + bias1, yielding dense1.

\(products1 = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3 & 23 \\ 2 & 1 & 24 \\ 1 & 1 & 49 \\ 1 & 1 & 49 \\ 2 & 1 & 29 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} -0.6 & 0.6 \\ 0.8 & -0.3 \\ -0.09 & -0.08 \end{bmatrix}\)

Note that matmul() and keras() have been imported from tensorflow.

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Introduction to TensorFlow in Python

Anleitung zur Übung

Compute products1 by matrix multiplying the features tensor by the weights.
Use a sigmoid activation function to transform products1 + bias1.
Print the shapes of borrower_features, weights1, bias1, and dense1.

Interaktive Übung

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# Compute the product of borrower_features and weights1
products1 = ____

# Apply a sigmoid activation function to products1 + bias1
dense1 = ____

# Print the shapes of borrower_features, weights1, bias1, and dense1
print('\n shape of borrower_features: ', borrower_features.shape)
print('\n shape of weights1: ', ____.shape)
print('\n shape of bias1: ', ____.shape)
print('\n shape of dense1: ', ____.shape)

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Introduction to TensorFlow in Python

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Before you can build advanced models in TensorFlow 2, you will first need to understand the basics. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to define constants and variables, perform tensor addition and multiplication, and compute derivatives. Knowledge of linear algebra will be helpful, but not necessary.

Exercise 1: Constants and variables Exercise 2: Defining data as constants Exercise 3: Defining variables Exercise 4: Basic operations Exercise 5: Performing element-wise multiplication Exercise 6: Making predictions with matrix multiplication Exercise 7: Summing over tensor dimensions Exercise 8: Advanced operations Exercise 9: Reshaping tensors Exercise 10: Optimizing with gradients Exercise 11: Working with image data

In this chapter, you will learn how to build, solve, and make predictions with models in TensorFlow 2. You will focus on a simple class of models – the linear regression model – and will try to predict housing prices. By the end of the chapter, you will know how to load and manipulate data, construct loss functions, perform minimization, make predictions, and reduce resource use with batch training.

Exercise 1: Input data Exercise 2: Load data using pandas Exercise 3: Setting the data type Exercise 4: Loss functions Exercise 5: Loss functions in TensorFlow Exercise 6: Modifying the loss function Exercise 7: Linear regression Exercise 8: Set up a linear regression Exercise 9: Train a linear model Exercise 10: Multiple linear regression Exercise 11: Batch training Exercise 12: Preparing to batch train Exercise 13: Training a linear model in batches

The previous chapters taught you how to build models in TensorFlow 2. In this chapter, you will apply those same tools to build, train, and make predictions with neural networks. You will learn how to define dense layers, apply activation functions, select an optimizer, and apply regularization to reduce overfitting. You will take advantage of TensorFlow's flexibility by using both low-level linear algebra and high-level Keras API operations to define and train models.

Exercise 1: Dense layers Exercise 2: The linear algebra of dense layers Exercise 3: The low-level approach with multiple examples

Aktuelle Übung

Exercise 4: Using the dense layer operation Exercise 5: Activation functions Exercise 6: Binary classification problems Exercise 7: Multiclass classification problems Exercise 8: Optimizers Exercise 9: The dangers of local minima Exercise 10: Avoiding local minima Exercise 11: Training a network in TensorFlow Exercise 12: Initialization in TensorFlow Exercise 13: Defining the model and loss function Exercise 14: Training neural networks with TensorFlow

In the final chapter, you'll use high-level APIs in TensorFlow 2 to train a sign language letter classifier. You will use both the sequential and functional Keras APIs to train, validate, make predictions with, and evaluate models. You will also learn how to use the Estimators API to streamline the model definition and training process, and to avoid errors.

Exercise 1: Defining neural networks with Keras Exercise 2: The sequential model in Keras Exercise 3: Compiling a sequential model Exercise 4: Defining a multiple input model Exercise 5: Training and validation with Keras Exercise 6: Training with Keras Exercise 7: Metrics and validation with Keras Exercise 8: Overfitting detection Exercise 9: Evaluating models Exercise 10: Training models with the Estimators API Exercise 11: Preparing to train with Estimators Exercise 12: Defining Estimators Exercise 13: Congratulations!