Preparing text data for model input

Previously, you learned how to create dictionaries of indexes to words and vice versa. In this exercise, you will split the text by characters and continue to prepare the data for supervised learning.

Splitting the texts into characters may seem strange, but it is often done for text generation. Also, the process to prepare the data is the same, the only change is how to split the texts.

You will create the training data containing a list of fixed-length texts and their labels, which are the corresponding next characters.

You will continue to use the dataset containing quotes from Sheldon (The Big Bang Theory), available in the sheldon_quotes variable.

The print_examples() function print the pairs so you can see how the data was transformed. Use help() for details.

Este ejercicio forma parte del curso

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for Language Modeling with Keras

Instrucciones del ejercicio

Define step equal to 2 and chars_window equal to 10.
Append the next sentence to the variable sentences.
Append the correct position of the text sheldon to the variable next_chars.
Use the print_examples() function to print 10 sentences and next characters.

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# Create lists to keep the sentences and the next character
sentences = []   # ~ Training data
next_chars = []  # ~ Training labels

# Define hyperparameters
step = ____          # ~ Step to take when reading the texts in characters
chars_window = ____ # ~ Number of characters to use to predict the next one  

# Loop over the text: length `chars_window` per time with step equal to `step`
for i in range(0, len(sheldon_quotes) - chars_window, step):
    sentences.____(sheldon_quotes[i:i + chars_window])
    next_chars.append(sheldon_quotes[____])

# Print 10 pairs
print_examples(____, ____, 10)

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Este ejercicio forma parte del curso

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for Language Modeling with Keras

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Comienza el curso gratis

In this chapter, you will learn the foundations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Starting with some prerequisites, continuing to understanding how information flows through the network and finally seeing how to implement such models with Keras in the sentiment classification task.

Exercise 1: Introduction to the course Exercise 2: Comparing the number of parameter of RNN and ANN Exercise 3: Sentiment analysis Exercise 4: Sequence to sequence models Exercise 5: Introduction to language models Exercise 6: Getting used to text data Exercise 7: Preparing text data for model input

Ejercicio actual

Exercise 8: Transforming new text Exercise 9: Introduction to RNN inside Keras Exercise 10: Keras models Exercise 11: Keras preprocessing Exercise 12: Your first RNN model

You will learn about the vanishing and exploding gradient problems, often occurring in RNNs, and how to deal with them with the GRU and LSTM cells. Furthermore, you'll create embedding layers for language models and revisit the sentiment classification task.

Exercise 1: Vanishing and exploding gradients Exercise 2: Exploding gradient problem Exercise 3: Vanishing gradient problem Exercise 4: GRU and LSTM cells Exercise 5: GRU cells are better than simpleRNN Exercise 6: Stacking RNN layers Exercise 7: The Embedding layer Exercise 8: Number of parameters comparison Exercise 9: Transfer learning Exercise 10: Embeddings improves performance Exercise 11: Sentiment classification revisited Exercise 12: Better sentiment classification Exercise 13: Using the CNN layer

Next, in this chapter you will learn how to prepare data for the multi-class classification task, as well as the differences between multi-class classification and binary classification (sentiment analysis). Finally, you will learn how to create models and measure their performance with Keras.

Exercise 1: Data pre-processing Exercise 2: Prepare label vectors Exercise 3: Pre-process data Exercise 4: Transfer learning for language models Exercise 5: Transfer learning starting point Exercise 6: Word2Vec Exercise 7: Multi-class classification models Exercise 8: Exploring 20 News Groups dataset Exercise 9: Classifying news articles Exercise 10: Assessing the model's performance Exercise 11: Precision-Recall trade-off Exercise 12: Precision or Recall, that is the question Exercise 13: Performance on multi-class classification

This chapter introduces you to two applications of RNN models: Text Generation and Neural Machine Translation. You will learn how to prepare the text data to the format needed by the models. The Text Generation model is used for replicating a character's way of speech and will have some fun mimicking Sheldon from The Big Bang Theory. Neural Machine Translation is used for example by Google Translate in a much more complex model. In this chapter, you will create a model that translates Portuguese small phrases into English.

Exercise 1: Sequence to Sequence Models Exercise 2: Text generation examples Exercise 3: NMT example Exercise 4: The Text Generating Function Exercise 5: Predict next character Exercise 6: Generate sentence with context Exercise 7: Change the probability scale Exercise 8: Text Generation Models Exercise 9: Create vectors of sentences and next characters Exercise 10: Preparing the data for training Exercise 11: Creating the text generation model Exercise 12: Neural Machine Translation Exercise 13: Preparing the input text Exercise 14: Preparing the output text Exercise 15: Translate Portuguese to English Exercise 16: Congratulations!