Variabeltypen wijzigen

Voor het weergeven van data in ggplot2-grafieken is het vaak handig om alle variabelen naar het juiste datatype om te zetten. Meestal moeten categorische variabelen, zoals country in dit voorbeeld, vóór het plotten worden geconverteerd naar factors. Dat kan met as.factor(). In je gegevensset zijn twee kolommen nog van het type "character" – gebruik mutate() om ze om te zetten naar factors.

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Zet de variabele year om naar een factor. Zet deze vóór je er een factor van maakt eerst om naar een getal met as.numeric(): roep as.numeric() aan, binnen de aanroep van as.factor().
Zet de variabele country om naar een factor.

Praktische interactieve oefening

Probeer deze oefening eens door deze voorbeeldcode in te vullen.

# Turn year and country into a factor
ilo_data_corrected <- ilo_data %>%
  mutate(year = as.___(as.___(year)),
        country = ___)

# See the results
ilo_data_corrected

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Deze oefening maakt deel uit van de cursus

Communiceren met data in de Tidyverse

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In this chapter, you will have a first look at the data you're going to work with throughout this course: the relationship between weekly working hours and monetary compensation in European countries, according to the International Labour Organization (ILO). After that, you'll dive right in and discover a stunning correlation by employing an exploratory visualization. You will then apply a custom look to that graphic – you'll turn an ordinary plot into an aesthetically pleasing and unique data visualization.

Exercise 1: Introductie van de data Exercise 2: Voeg de twee gegevenssets samen Exercise 3: Variabeltypen wijzigen

Huidige oefening

Exercise 4: De gegevens filteren en plotten Exercise 5: Filter de data voor het plotten Exercise 6: Enkele samenvattende statistieken Exercise 7: Een basis-scatterplot Exercise 8: Voeg labels toe aan de plot Exercise 9: Aangepaste ggplot2-thema's Exercise 10: Een standaardthema toepassen Exercise 11: Pas de weergave van titels aan Exercise 12: Achtergrondkleur aanpassen en marges toevoegen

Barcharts, scatter plots, and histograms are probably the most common and effective data visualizations. Yet, sometimes, there are even better ways to visually highlight the finding you want to communicate to your audience. So-called "dot plots" make us better grasp and understand changes in data: development over time, for example. In this chapter, you'll build a custom and unique visualization that emphasizes and explains exactly one aspect of the story you want to tell.

Exercise 1: Visualizing aspects of data with facets Exercise 2: Prepare the data set for the faceted plot Exercise 3: Add facets to the plot Exercise 4: Define your own theme function Exercise 5: Apply the new theme function to the plot Exercise 6: A custom plot to emphasize change Exercise 7: A basic dot plot Exercise 8: Add arrows to the lines in the plot Exercise 9: Add some labels to each country Exercise 10: Polishing the dot plot Exercise 11: The fct_reorder function Exercise 12: Reordering elements in the plot Exercise 13: Correct ugly label positions Exercise 14: Finalizing the plot for different audiences and devices Exercise 15: Change the viewport so labels don't overlap with plot border Exercise 16: Optimizing the plot for mobile devices

Back in the old days, researchers and data analysts used to generate plots in R and then tediously copy them into their LaTeX or Word documents. Nowadays, whole reports can be produced and reproduced from within R and RStudio, using the RMarkdown language – combining R chunks, formatted prose, tables and plots. In this chapter, you'll take your previous findings, results, and graphics and integrate them into such a report to tell the story that needs to be told.

Exercise 1: What is RMarkdown?Exercise 2: When is a document reproducible?Exercise 3: Introduction to the RMarkdown exercise interface Exercise 4: Formatting with Markdown Exercise 5: Give your document a structure Exercise 6: Change formatting of text snippets Exercise 7: R code in RMarkdown documents Exercise 8: Specify packages in the first code chunk Exercise 9: R code chunk options Exercise 10: Inline code statements Exercise 11: Images in RMarkdown files Exercise 12: Adjusting figure options, optimizing them for mobile devices.Exercise 13: Add auxiliary images

Your boss, your client, or your professor usually expects your results to be accurate and presented in a clear and concise structure. However, coming up with a nicely formatted and unique report on top of that is certainly a plus and RMarkdown can be customized to accomplish this. In this last chapter, you'll take your report from the last chapter and brand it with your own custom and unique style.

Exercise 1: Advanced YAML settings Exercise 2: Change the overall appearance of your report Exercise 3: Add a table of contents Exercise 4: More YAML hacks Exercise 5: Custom stylesheets Exercise 6: CSS selectors Exercise 7: Change style attributes of text elements Exercise 8: Reference the style sheet Exercise 9: Beautiful tables Exercise 10: Beautify a table with kable Exercise 11: Repetition: CSS Exercise 12: Summary