Cifre scritte a mano con `flexmix`

digits_sample_2 è un data frame con 478 osservazioni; ognuna rappresenta un’immagine binaria di una cifra scritta a mano composta da 16x16 pixel. Gli obiettivi di questo esercizio sono: (1) esplorare questi dati, (2) stimare un modello a mixture di Bernoulli usando flexmix e (3) analizzare i cluster ottenuti.

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Modelli di Mixture in R

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Prova a risolvere questo esercizio completando il codice di esempio.

# transform into matrix
digits_sample_2 <- ___

# dimension
___

# look to the first observation
show_digit(digits_sample_2[___,])

# look to the last observation
___(digits_sample_2[nrow(___),])

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Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Modelli di Mixture in R

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In this chapter, you will be introduced to fundamental concepts in model-based clustering and how this approach differs from other clustering techniques. You will learn the generating process of Gaussian Mixture Models as well as how to visualize the clusters.

Exercise 1: Introduction to model-based clustering Exercise 2: Clustering approaches Exercise 3: Explore gender data Exercise 4: Gaussian distribution Exercise 5: Sampling a Gaussian distribution Exercise 6: (not so good) Estimations of the mean and sd Exercise 7: Gaussian mixture models (GMM)Exercise 8: Simulate a mixture of two Gaussian distributions Exercise 9: Plot histogram of Gaussian Mixture Exercise 10: Mixture of three Gaussian distributions

In this chapter, you will be introduced to the main structure of Mixture Models, how to address different data with this approach and how to estimate the parameters involved. To accomplish the estimation, you will learn an iterative method called Expectation-Maximization algorithm.

Exercise 1: Structure of mixture models Exercise 2: Which probability distribution?Exercise 3: Handwritten digits dataset Exercise 4: Parameters estimation Exercise 5: Estimation given the probabilities Exercise 6: Calculating the probabilities Exercise 7: EM algorithm Exercise 8: Expectation function Exercise 9: Maximization function Exercise 10: Apply the two steps Exercise 11: Plot the estimated clusters

This chapter shows how to fit Gaussian Mixture Models in 1 and 2 dimensions with `flexmix` package. The data used is formed by 10.000 observations of people with their weight, height, body mass index and informed gender.

Exercise 1: Univariate Gaussian Mixture Models Exercise 2: Number of clusters Exercise 3: Number of parameters Exercise 4: Univariate Gaussian Mixture Models with flexmix Exercise 5: Univariate case with flexmix Exercise 6: Extracting Parameters for Univariate Case Exercise 7: Visualizing Univariate Gaussian Mixture Model Exercise 8: Compare the results Exercise 9: Bivariate Gaussian Mixture Models Exercise 10: Cross-term from covariance matrix Exercise 11: Parameters in the bivariate case Exercise 12: Bivariate Gaussian Mixture Models with flexmix Exercise 13: Fit the model with cross-terms Exercise 14: Get the components Exercise 15: Create the ellipses Exercise 16: Visualize the clusters

In this module, you will learn how Mixture Models extends to consider probability distributions different from the Gaussian and how these models are fitted with `flexmix`. The datasets used are handwritten digits images and the number of crimes in Chicago city. For the first dataset you will find clusters that summarize the handwritten digits and for the second dataset, you will find clusters of communities where is more or less dangerous to live in.

Exercise 1: Modelli a mescolanza Bernoulliana Exercise 2: Immagini binarie Exercise 3: Quanti valori?Exercise 4: Modelli a miscela Bernoulliana con flexmix Exercise 5: Cifre scritte a mano con `flexmix`

Esercizio in corso

Exercise 6: Modelli a miscela di Poisson Exercise 7: Scopri il lambda Exercise 8: Campionare da una distribuzione di Poisson Exercise 9: Modelli a miscela di Poisson con flexmix Exercise 10: Dati sui reati con `flexmix`