Menyandikan data penerbangan Anda

Anda siap menyandikan data menjadi objek xts! Ingat bahwa flights adalah data frame yang berisi empat kolom data penerbangan dan satu kolom tanggal.

Untuk mengonversinya menjadi objek xts, Anda perlu memastikan kolom tanggal berada dalam format berbasis waktu. Seperti yang Anda temukan sebelumnya, kolom date saat ini bertipe character. Setelah date disimpan dalam format berbasis waktu, Anda siap mengonversinya ke xts! Untuk melakukannya, Anda akan menggunakan as.xts(), yang menerima dua argumen utama.

Pertama, Anda perlu menentukan objek yang akan dikonversi (dalam hal ini, flights). Untuk menghindari redundansi, umumnya Anda sebaiknya menghapus kolom berbasis waktu dari data saat mengonversi ke xts. Dalam kasus ini, Anda akan menghapus kolom kelima (dates) dengan menyertakan [, -5] pada pemanggilan as.xts() Anda.

Kedua, Anda perlu memberi tahu xts cara mengindeks objek Anda dengan menentukan argumen order.by. Dalam hal ini, Anda ingin mengindeks objek berdasarkan kolom date.

Data frame flights sudah dimuat untuk Anda.

Latihan ini adalah bagian dari kursus

Studi Kasus: Menganalisis Data Deret Waktu Kota di R

Petunjuk latihan

Muat paket xts.
Gunakan as.Date() untuk mengonversi kolom date di flights dari character menjadi objek Date.
Konversikan data Anda menjadi objek xts menggunakan as.xts(). Untuk melakukannya, Anda perlu menentukan data yang akan disandikan diikuti argumen order.by, yang membuat indeks berbasis waktu. Simpan objek ini sebagai flights_xts.
Periksa kelas flights_xts di ruang kerja Anda.
Tinjau 5 baris pertama dari flights_xts.

Latihan interaktif praktis

Cobalah latihan ini dengan menyelesaikan kode contoh berikut.

# Load the xts package


# Convert date column to a time-based class
flights$date <- ___(flights$date)

# Convert flights to an xts object using as.xts
flights_xts <- as.xts(___ [ , -___], order.by = ___)

# Check the class of flights_xts


# Examine the first five lines of flights_xts

Edit dan Jalankan Kode

Latihan ini adalah bagian dari kursus

Studi Kasus: Menganalisis Data Deret Waktu Kota di R

SkillTag.level.intermediateSkillTag.label

4.8+

Mulai Kursus Gratis

You've been hired to understand the travel needs of tourists visiting the Boston area. As your first assignment on the job, you'll practice the skills you've learned for time series data manipulation in R by exploring data on flights arriving at Boston's Logan International Airport (BOS) using xts & zoo.

Exercise 1: Tinjauan dasar-dasar xts Exercise 2: Identifikasi deret waktu Exercise 3: Data penerbangan Exercise 4: Pilih objek xts Exercise 5: Menyandikan data penerbangan Anda

Latihan Saat Ini

Exercise 6: Memanipulasi dan memvisualisasikan data Anda Exercise 7: Menjelajahi data penerbangan Anda Exercise 8: Visualisasikan data penerbangan Exercise 9: Hitung tren deret waktu Exercise 10: Menyimpan dan mengekspor objek xts Exercise 11: Menilai tren penerbangan Exercise 12: Menyimpan waktu - I Exercise 13: Menghemat waktu - II

In this chapter, you'll expand your time series data library to include weather data in the Boston area. Before you can conduct any analysis, you'll need to do some data manipulation, including merging multiple xts objects and isolating certain periods of the data. It's a great opportunity for more practice!

Exercise 1: Merging time series data by row Exercise 2: Exploring temperature data Exercise 3: Next steps - I Exercise 4: Merging using rbind()Exercise 5: Visualizing Boston winters Exercise 6: Merging time series data by column Exercise 7: Subsetting and adjusting periodicity Exercise 8: Generating a monthly average Exercise 9: Using merge() and plotting over time Exercise 10: Are flight delays related to temperature?Exercise 11: Time series data workflow Exercise 12: Next steps - II Exercise 13: Expanding your data Exercise 14: Are flight delays related to visibility or wind?

Now it's time to go further afield. In addition to flight delays, your client is interested in how Boston's tourism industry is affected by economic trends. You'll need to manipulate some time series data on economic indicators, including GDP per capita and unemployment in the United States in general and Massachusetts (MA) in particular.

Exercise 1: Handling missingness Exercise 2: Exploring economic data Exercise 3: Replace missing data - I Exercise 4: Replace missing data - II Exercise 5: Estimating missing GDP Exercise 6: Lagging and differencing Exercise 7: Exploring unemployment data Exercise 8: Lagging unemployment Exercise 9: Differencing unemployment Exercise 10: Rolling functions Exercise 11: Add a discrete rolling sum to GDP data Exercise 12: Add a continuous rolling average to unemployment data Exercise 13: Manipulating MA unemployment data

Having exhausted other options, your client now believes Boston's tourism industry must be related to the success of local sports teams. In your final task on this project, your supervisor has asked you to assemble some time series data on Boston's sports teams over the past few years.

Exercise 1: Advanced features of xts Exercise 2: Encoding and plotting Red Sox data Exercise 3: Calculate a closing average Exercise 4: Calculate and plot a seasonal average Exercise 5: Calculate and plot a rolling average Exercise 6: Indexing commands in xts Exercise 7: Extract weekend games Exercise 8: Calculate a rolling average across all sports Exercise 9: Viewing sports trends Exercise 10: Congratulations