Zoek de buur

Het is duidelijk dat het local outlier factor-algoritme sterk leunt op het idee van een naaste buur, wat op zijn beurt afhangt van de gekozen afstandsmaat. Daarom ga je extra experimenteren met de hepatitis-gegevensset uit de vorige les. Je krijgt drie voorbeelden in features, met hun klassen in labels. Je bepaalt de naaste buur van het eerste voorbeeld (rij met index 0) met drie verschillende afstandsmetingen: Euclidisch, Hamming en Chebyshev, en kiest op basis daarvan welke afstandsmaat je gebruikt. Je importeert de benodigde module in deze oefening; pandas en numpy zijn al beschikbaar, net als features en hun labels labels.

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Machine Learning-workflows ontwerpen in Python

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Machine Learning-workflows ontwerpen in Python

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In this chapter, you will be reminded of the basics of a supervised learning workflow, complete with model fitting, tuning and selection, feature engineering and selection, and data splitting techniques. You will understand how these steps in a workflow depend on each other, and recognize how they can all contribute to, or fight against overfitting: the data scientist's worst enemy. By the end of the chapter, you will already be fluent in supervised learning, and ready to take the dive towards more advanced material in later chapters.

Exercise 1: Supervised learning pipelines Exercise 2: Feature engineering Exercise 3: Your first pipeline Exercise 4: Model complexity and overfitting Exercise 5: Grid search CV for model complexity Exercise 6: Number of trees and estimators Exercise 7: Feature engineering and overfitting Exercise 8: Categorical encodings Exercise 9: Feature transformations Exercise 10: Bringing it all together

In the previous chapter, you perfected your knowledge of the standard supervised learning workflows. In this chapter, you will critically examine the ways in which expert knowledge is incorporated in supervised learning. This is done through the identification of the appropriate unit of analysis which might require feature engineering across multiple data sources, through the sometimes imperfect process of labeling examples, and through the specification of a loss function that captures the true business value of errors made by your machine learning model.

Exercise 1: Data fusion Exercise 2: Is the source or the destination bad?Exercise 3: Feature engineering on grouped data Exercise 4: Imperfect labels Exercise 5: Turning a heuristic into a classifier Exercise 6: Combining heuristics Exercise 7: Dealing with label noise Exercise 8: Loss functions Part I Exercise 9: Reminder of performance metrics Exercise 10: Real-world cost analysis Exercise 11: Confusion matrix calculations Exercise 12: Loss functions Part II Exercise 13: Default thresholding Exercise 14: Optimizing the threshold Exercise 15: Bringing it all together

In the previous chapter, you employed different ways of incorporating feedback from experts in your workflow, and evaluating it in ways that are aligned with business value. Now it is time for you to practice the skills needed to productize your model and ensure it continues to perform well thereafter by iteratively improving it. You will also learn to diagnose dataset shift and mitigate the effect that a changing environment can have on your model's accuracy.

Exercise 1: From workflows to pipelines Exercise 2: Your first pipeline - again!Exercise 3: Custom scorers in pipelines Exercise 4: Model deployment Exercise 5: Pickles Exercise 6: Custom function transformers in pipelines Exercise 7: Iterating without overfitting Exercise 8: Challenge the champion Exercise 9: Cross-validation statistics Exercise 10: Dataset shift Exercise 11: Tuning the window size Exercise 12: Bringing it all together

In the previous chapters you established a solid foundation in supervised learning, complete with knowledge of deploying models in production but always assumed you a labeled dataset would be available for your analysis. In this chapter, you take on the challenge of modeling data without any, or with very few, labels. This takes you into a journey into anomaly detection, a kind of unsupervised modeling, as well as distance-based learning, where beliefs about what constitutes similarity between two examples can be used in place of labels to help you achieve levels of accuracy comparable to a supervised workflow. Upon completing this chapter, you will clearly stand out from the crowd of data scientists in confidently knowing what tools to use to modify your workflow in order to overcome common real-world challenges.

Exercise 1: Anomaliedetectie Exercise 2: Een simpele uitschieter Exercise 3: LoF-contaminatie Exercise 4: Novelty detection Exercise 5: Een eenvoudige novelty Exercise 6: Drie novelty-detectors Exercise 7: Contaminatie herbekeken Exercise 8: Afstandsgebaseerd leren Exercise 9: Zoek de buur

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Exercise 10: Niet alle metriekwaarden zijn het eens Exercise 11: Ongestructureerde data Exercise 12: Restricted Levenshtein Exercise 13: Alles samenbrengen Exercise 14: Afsluitende opmerkingen