Ancora sulle confusion matrix

Creare una confusion matrix in Python è semplice. La sfida principale è capire bene l’orientamento della matrice. Questo esercizio verifica che tu abbia compreso l’implementazione delle confusion matrix in sklearn. Qui hai creato un modello random forest usando l’insieme di dati tic_tac_toe, rfc, per prevedere esiti 0 (sconfitta) o 1 (vittoria) per il Giocatore Uno.

Nota: Se leggi delle confusion matrix su un altro sito o per un altro linguaggio di programmazione, i valori potrebbero essere invertiti.

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Validazione dei modelli in Python

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Istruzioni dell'esercizio

Importa la funzione di sklearn per creare le confusion matrix.
Usando il modello rfc, crea le predizioni di categoria sul set di test X_test.
Crea una confusion matrix usando sklearn.
Stampa il valore di cm che rappresenta gli 1 reali previsti come 1 (veri positivi).

Esercizio pratico interattivo

Prova a risolvere questo esercizio completando il codice di esempio.

from sklearn.metrics import ____

# Create predictions
test_predictions = rfc.____(____)

# Create and print the confusion matrix
cm = ____(____, ____)
print(cm)

# Print the true positives (actual 1s that were predicted 1s)
print("The number of true positives is: {}".format(cm[____, ____]))

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Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Validazione dei modelli in Python

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Before we can validate models, we need an understanding of how to create and work with them. This chapter provides an introduction to running regression and classification models in scikit-learn. We will use this model building foundation throughout the remaining chapters.

Exercise 1: Introduction to model validation Exercise 2: Modeling steps Exercise 3: Seen vs. unseen data Exercise 4: Regression models Exercise 5: Set parameters and fit a model Exercise 6: Feature importances Exercise 7: Classification models Exercise 8: Classification predictions Exercise 9: Reusing model parameters Exercise 10: Random forest classifier

This chapter focuses on the basics of model validation. From splitting data into training, validation, and testing datasets, to creating an understanding of the bias-variance tradeoff, we build the foundation for the techniques of K-Fold and Leave-One-Out validation practiced in chapter three.

Exercise 1: Creare insiemi di dati di training, test e validation Exercise 2: Crea un set di holdout Exercise 3: Crea due holdout set Exercise 4: Perché usare gli insiemi di holdout Exercise 5: Metriche di accuratezza: modelli di regressione Exercise 6: Errore assoluto medio Exercise 7: Errore quadratico medio Exercise 8: Prestazioni su sottoinsiemi di dati Exercise 9: Metriche di classificazione Exercise 10: Matrici di confusione Exercise 11: Ancora sulle confusion matrix

Esercizio in corso

Exercise 12: Precision vs. recall Exercise 13: Il compromesso bias-varianza Exercise 14: Errore dovuto a under/overfitting Exercise 15: Sto underfittando?

Holdout sets are a great start to model validation. However, using a single train and test set if often not enough. Cross-validation is considered the gold standard when it comes to validating model performance and is almost always used when tuning model hyper-parameters. This chapter focuses on performing cross-validation to validate model performance.

Exercise 1: The problems with holdout sets Exercise 2: Two samples Exercise 3: Potential problems Exercise 4: Cross-validation Exercise 5: scikit-learn's KFold()Exercise 6: Using KFold indices Exercise 7: sklearn's cross_val_score()Exercise 8: scikit-learn's methods Exercise 9: Implement cross_val_score()Exercise 10: Leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV)Exercise 11: When to use LOOCV Exercise 12: Leave-one-out-cross-validation

The first three chapters focused on model validation techniques. In chapter 4 we apply these techniques, specifically cross-validation, while learning about hyperparameter tuning. After all, model validation makes tuning possible and helps us select the overall best model.

Exercise 1: Introduction to hyperparameter tuning Exercise 2: Creating Hyperparameters Exercise 3: Running a model using ranges Exercise 4: RandomizedSearchCV Exercise 5: Preparing for RandomizedSearch Exercise 6: Implementing RandomizedSearchCV Exercise 7: Selecting your final model Exercise 8: Best classification accuracy Exercise 9: Selecting the best precision model Exercise 10: Course completed!