Extracting for plotting

Extracting components from a datetime is particularly useful when exploring data. Earlier in the chapter you imported daily data for weather in Auckland, and created a time series plot of ten years of daily maximum temperature. While that plot gives you a good overview of the whole ten years, it's hard to see the annual pattern.

In this exercise you'll use components of the dates to help explore the pattern of maximum temperature over the year. The first step is to create some new columns to hold the extracted pieces, then you'll use them in a couple of plots.

This exercise is part of the course

Working with Dates and Times in R

Exercise instructions

Use mutate() to create three new columns: year, yday and month that respectively hold the same components of the date column. Don't forget to label the months with their names.
Create a plot of yday on the x-axis, max_temp of the y-axis where lines are grouped by year. Each year is a line on this plot, with the x-axis running from Jan 1 to Dec 31.
To take an alternate look, create a ridgeline plot(formerly known as a joyplot) with max_temp on the x-axis, month on the y-axis, using geom_density_ridges() from the ggridges package.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(ggridges)

# Add columns for year, yday and month
akl_daily <- akl_daily %>%
  mutate(
    ___ = ___(date),
    ___ = ___(date),
    ___ = ___(date, ___))

# Plot max_temp by yday for all years
ggplot(akl_daily, aes(x = ___, y = ___)) +
  geom_line(aes(group = ___), alpha = 0.5)

# Examine distribution of max_temp by month
ggplot(akl_daily, aes(x = ___, y = ___, height = ..density..)) +
  geom_density_ridges(stat = "density")

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

Working with Dates and Times in R

IntermediateSkill Level

5.0+

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R doesn't know something is a date or time unless you tell it. In this chapter you'll learn about some of the ways R stores dates and times by exploring how often R versions are released, and how quickly people download them. You'll also get a sneak peek at what you'll learn in the following chapters.

Exercise 1: Introduction to dates Exercise 2: Recognizing ISO 8601 dates Exercise 3: Specifying dates Exercise 4: Automatic import Exercise 5: Why use dates?Exercise 6: Plotting Exercise 7: Arithmetic and logical operators Exercise 8: What about times?Exercise 9: Getting datetimes into R Exercise 10: Datetimes behave nicely too Exercise 11: Why lubridate?

Dates and times come in a huge assortment of formats, so your first hurdle is often to parse the format you have into an R datetime. This chapter teaches you to import dates and times with the lubridate package. You'll also learn how to extract parts of a datetime. You'll practice by exploring the weather in R's birthplace, Auckland NZ.

Exercise 1: Parsing dates with lubridate Exercise 2: Selecting the right parsing function Exercise 3: Specifying an order with `parse_date_time()`Exercise 4: Weather in Auckland Exercise 5: Import daily weather data Exercise 6: Import hourly weather data Exercise 7: Extracting parts of a datetime Exercise 8: What can you extract?Exercise 9: Adding useful labels Exercise 10: Extracting for plotting

Current Exercise

Exercise 11: Extracting for filtering and summarizing Exercise 12: Rounding datetimes Exercise 13: Practice rounding Exercise 14: Rounding with the weather data

Getting datetimes into R is just the first step. Now that you know how to parse datetimes, you need to learn how to do calculations with them. In this chapter, you'll learn the different ways of representing spans of time with lubridate and how to leverage them to do arithmetic on datetimes. By the end of the chapter, you'll have calculated how long it's been since the first man stepped on the moon, generated sequences of dates to help schedule reminders, calculated when an eclipse occurs, and explored the reigns of monarch's of England (and which ones might have seen Halley's comet!).

Exercise 1: Taking differences of datetimes Exercise 2: How long has it been?Exercise 3: How many seconds are in a day?Exercise 4: Time spans.Exercise 5: Adding or subtracting a time span to a datetime Exercise 6: Duration or Period?Exercise 7: Arithmetic with timespans Exercise 8: Generating sequences of datetimes Exercise 9: The tricky thing about months Exercise 10: Intervals Exercise 11: Examining intervals. Reigns of kings and queens Exercise 12: Comparing intervals and datetimes Exercise 13: Converting to durations and periods

You now know most of what you need to tackle data that includes dates and times, but there are a few other problems you might encounter in practice. In this final chapter you'll learn a little more about these problems by returning to some of the earlier data examples and learning how to handle time zones, deal with times when you don't care about dates, parse dates quickly, and output dates and times.

Exercise 1: Time zones Exercise 2: Setting the timezone Exercise 3: Viewing in a timezone Exercise 4: Timezones in the weather data Exercise 5: Times without dates Exercise 6: More on importing and exporting datetimes Exercise 7: Fast parsing with fasttime Exercise 8: Fast parsing with lubridate::fast_strptime Exercise 9: Outputting pretty dates and times Exercise 10: Wrap-up