将您已经编写的脚本转换为包，开始着手构建。您将创建一个简单的包，并可在您自己的电脑上使用。

开始创建包

模块、包与子包

从脚本到包

让您的包真正发挥作用

文档

使用 pyment 编写函数文档

使用 pyment 编写函数文档 II

包和模块文档

组织导入结构

同级导入（Sibling imports）

从父级包导入

向用户公开函数

从零散代码到本地包

让您的包对您自己和他人都可安装。在本章中，您将学习处理依赖、编写 README，并包含许可证。您还将完成将包发布到 PyPI（Python 包的主要托管平台）的全部步骤。

安装您自己的包

# Import required functions
____

# Call setup function
____(
    author="<your-name>",
    description="____",
    name="____",
    packages=____(____=____),
    version="____",
)


# Import required functions
from setuptools import setup, find_packages

# Call setup function
setup(
    author="<your-name>",
    description="A package for converting imperial lengths and weights.",
    name="impyrial",
    packages=find_packages(include=["impyrial", "impyrial.*"]),
    version="0.1.0",
)


添加 setup 脚本

import impyrial

result = impyrial.length.convert_unit(10, 'in', 'yd')
print(result)


# Run this to install the package locally
pip install -e .


在本地安装您的包

"""Conversions between ounces and larger imperial weight units"""
OUNCES_PER_POUND = 160  # 16 ounces in a pound
OUNCES_PER_STONE = OUNCES_PER_POUND * 14.0  # 14 pounds in a stone

UNITS = ("oz", "lb", "st")


def ounces_to_pounds(x, reverse=False):
    """Convert weights between ounces and pounds.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Weights in pounds.
    reverse : bool, optional
        If this is set to true this function converts from pounds to ounces
        instead of the default behaviour of ounces to pounds.

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted weights with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    if reverse:
        return x * OUNCES_PER_POUND
    else:
        return x / OUNCES_PER_POUND


def ounces_to_stone(x, reverse=False):
    """Convert weights between ounces and stone.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Weights in stone.
    reverse : bool, optional
        If this is set to true this function converts from stone to ounces
        instead of the default behaviour of ounces to stone.

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted weights with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    if reverse:
        return x * OUNCES_PER_STONE
    else:
        return x / OUNCES_PER_STONE


import impyrial

result = impyrial.weight.convert_unit(2, 'lb', 'oz')
print(result)


"""Conversions between ounces and larger imperial weight units"""
OUNCES_PER_POUND = 16.0  # 16 ounces in a pound
OUNCES_PER_STONE = OUNCES_PER_POUND * 14.0  # 14 pounds in a stone

UNITS = ("oz", "lb", "st")


def ounces_to_pounds(x, reverse=False):
    """Convert weights between ounces and pounds.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Weights in pounds.
    reverse : bool, optional
        If this is set to true this function converts from pounds to ounces
        instead of the default behaviour of ounces to pounds.

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted weights with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    if reverse:
        return x * OUNCES_PER_POUND
    else:
        return x / OUNCES_PER_POUND


def ounces_to_stone(x, reverse=False):
    """Convert weights between ounces and stone.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Weights in stone.
    reverse : bool, optional
        If this is set to true this function converts from stone to ounces
        instead of the default behaviour of ounces to stone.

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted weights with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    if reverse:
        return x * OUNCES_PER_STONE
    else:
        return x / OUNCES_PER_STONE


使用可编辑安装

处理依赖项

from setuptools import setup, find_packages

# Add install requirements
setup(
    author="<your-name>",
    description="A package for converting imperial lengths and weights.",
    name="impyrial",
    packages=find_packages(include=["impyrial", "impyrial.*"]),
    version="0.1.0",
    ____=____,
)


from setuptools import setup, find_packages

# Add install requirements
setup(
    author="<your-name>",
    description="A package for converting imperial lengths and weights.",
    name="impyrial",
    packages=find_packages(include=["impyrial", "impyrial.*"]),
    version="0.1.0",
    install_requires=['numpy>=1.10', 'pandas'],
)


用户依赖项

# Run this script to install the package locally
pip freeze > requirements.txt


开发依赖

添加许可证并编写 README

____

A package for converting between imperial unit lengths and weights.

This package was created for the ____DataCamp____ course "Developing Python Packages".

### Features

- Convert lengths between miles, yards, feet and inches.
- Convert weights between hundredweight, stone, pounds and ounces.

### Usage

____
import impyrial

# Convert 500 miles to feet
impyrial.length.convert_unit(500, from_unit='yd', to_unit='ft')  # returns 1500.0

# Convert 100 ounces to pounds
impyrial.weight.convert_unit(100, from_unit='oz', to_unit='lb')  # returns 6.25
____


# impyrial

A package for converting between imperial unit lengths and weights.

This package was created for the [DataCamp](https://www.datacamp.com) course "Developing Python Packages".

### Features

- Convert lengths between miles, yards, feet and inches.
- Convert weights between hundredweight, stone, pounds and ounces.

### Usage

```
import impyrial

# Convert 500 miles to feet
impyrial.length.convert_unit(500, from_unit='yd', to_unit='ft')  # returns 1500.0

# Convert 100 ounces to pounds
impyrial.weight.convert_unit(100, from_unit='oz', to_unit='lb')  # returns 6.25
```


编写 README

# impyrial

A package for converting between imperial unit lengths and weights.

This package was created for the [DataCamp](https://www.datacamp.com) course Developing Python Packages.

### Features

- Convert lengths between miles, yards, feet and inches.
- Convert weights between hundredweight, stone, pounds and ounces.

### Usage

```
import impyrial

# convert 500 miles to feet
impyrial.length.convert_unit(500, from_unit='yd', to_unit='ft')  # returns 1500.0

# convert 100 ounces to pounds
impyrial.weight.convert_unit(100, from_unit='oz', to_unit='lb')  # returns 6.25
```


MANIFEST - 在包中包含额外文件

发布您的包

# Run this code to complete the exercise
python3 setup.py sdist bdist_wheel


构建分发包

# Run the following in the terminal:
# twine upload dist/*


上传分发包

从任意位置安装您的包

将您的包提升到专业水准。了解如何使用 pytest 防止错误、使用 tox 测试您的包是否能在多个 Python 版本下正常运行，以及使用 flake8 维护良好的代码风格。

测试您的包

创建测试目录

编写一些基础测试

运行您的测试

在不同环境中测试您的包

设置 tox

运行 tox

保持您的包风格统一

恰当的风格过滤

使用 flake8 整理文件

忽略特定错误

配置 flake8

提升您的包的质量

更高效地创建您的包。在最后一章中，您将学习如何使用 cookiecutter 生成包所需的所有支持文件，使用 Makefile 简化新版本发布，并了解为了吸引用户和贡献者，您的包还需要的最后几个文件。

使用模板加速包开发

使用包模板

版本号与历史

CONTRIBUTING.md

历史文件

使用 bumpversion 跟踪版本号

Makefile 与分类器

PyPI 分类器

使用 Makefile

总结

快速包开发

您是否总是在文件之间复制粘贴相同的代码，希望能更轻松地复用并分享这些妙用片段？把代码封装成 Python 包就能帮到您！在本课程中，您将学习包的结构，以及将零散代码变成易于使用的包所需的额外文件。您还会学习导入结构、文档编写，以及如何使用 flake8 保持代码风格一致。接着，您将通过构建模板来加速包开发，使用 cookiecutter 创建包的骨架。最后，您将学习如何使用 setuptools 和 twine 构建并将您的包发布到 PyPI——Python 包的全球舞台。

Introduction to Shell

Writing Functions in Python

了解包结构、导入结构、文档、代码风格维护，然后构建模板并使用工具发布。

开发 Python 包

学习创建自己的 Python 包，让代码更易用，也更方便与他人共享。

添加 setup 脚本

开发 Python 包

动手互动练习