Farklı haritalar

get_map() ile indirilen varsayılan Google haritası; ana yollar, temel arazi yapısı ve ilgi çekici yerler gerektiğinde işe yarar, ama görsel olarak biraz kalabalık olabilir. Haritanın verine katkı sağlamasını, dikkatini dağıtmamasını istersin; bu yüzden daha "sakin" seçeneklere sahip olmak faydalı olabilir.

Bazen yollar ve yerlerden çok, zeminde ne olduğuyla (ör. çimen, ağaç, çöl veya kar) ilgilenirsin; bu durumda uydu görünümüne geçmek daha işe yarar olabilir. maptype argümanını "satellite" olarak değiştirerek Google uydu görüntülerini alabilirsin.

get_map() içinde source = "stamen" kullanarak, ayrıca bir maptype belirterek Stamen Maps haritalarını da alabilirsin. maptype argümanı için tüm olası değerleri ?get_map yardımında görebilirsin; bunlar Stamen Maps sitesinde anlatılan "çeşitlere" yakından karşılık gelir. Ben "toner" varyasyonlarını seviyorum; gri tonlamalıdırlar ve Google haritasına göre biraz daha sadedirler.

Haydi, konut satışlarını çizdiğin grafiğin için başka haritaları deneyelim.

Bu egzersiz

R ile Coğrafi Verileri Görselleştirme

kursunun bir parçasıdır

Kursu Görüntüle

Uygulamalı interaktif egzersiz

Bu örnek kodu tamamlayarak bu egzersizi bitirin.

corvallis <- c(lon = -123.2620, lat = 44.5646)

# Add a maptype argument to get a satellite map
corvallis_map_sat <- get_map(corvallis, zoom = 13)


# Edit to display satellite map
ggmap(corvallis_map) +
  geom_point(aes(lon, lat, color = year_built), data = sales)

Kodu Düzenle ve Çalıştır

Bu egzersiz

R ile Coğrafi Verileri Görselleştirme

kursunun bir parçasıdır

IntermediárioNível de habilidade

4.6+

Kursa Ücretsiz Başlayın

We'll dive in by displaying some spatial data -- property sales in a small US town -- using ggplot2 and we'll introduce you to the ggmap package as a quick way to add spatial context to your plots. We'll talk about what makes spatial data special and introduce you to the common types of spatial data we'll be working with throughout the course.

Exercise 1: Mekânsal veriye giriş Exercise 2: Arka plan haritası almak Exercise 3: Hepsini bir araya getirmek Exercise 4: Estetiklerle içgörü Exercise 5: Faydalı get_map() ve ggmap() seçenekleri Exercise 6: Farklı haritalar

Geçerli Egzersiz

Exercise 7: ggplot2'nin güçlü yönlerinden yararlanma Exercise 8: Hızlı bir alternatif Exercise 9: Yaygın mekansal veri türleri Exercise 10: Poligon çizimi Exercise 11: Koroplet harita Exercise 12: Isı haritası olarak raster veri

You can get a long way with spatial data stored in data frames, but it makes life easier if they are stored in special spatial objects. In this chapter we'll introduce you to the spatial object classes provided by the sp package, particularly for point and polygon data. You'll learn how to explore and subset these objects by exploring a world map. The reward for learning about these object classes: we'll show you the package tmap which requires spatial objects as input, but makes creating maps really easy! You'll finish up by making a map of the world's population.

Exercise 1: Introducing sp objects Exercise 2: Let's take a look at a spatial object Exercise 3: What's inside a spatial object?Exercise 4: A more complicated spatial object Exercise 5: sp and S4 Exercise 6: Walking the hierarchy Exercise 7: Further down the rabbit hole Exercise 8: More sp classes and methods Exercise 9: Subsetting by index Exercise 10: Accessing data in sp objects Exercise 11: Subsetting based on data attributes Exercise 12: tmap, a package that works with sp objects Exercise 13: Introduction to tmap Exercise 14: Building a plot in layers Exercise 15: Why is Greenland so big?Exercise 16: Saving a tmap plot

While the sp package provides some classes for raster data, the raster package provides more useful classes. You'll be introduced to these classes and their advantages and then learn to display them. The examples continue with the theme of population from Chapter 2, but you'll look at some much finer detail datasets, both spatially and demographically. In the second half of the chapter you'll learn about color -- an essential part of any visual display, but especially important for maps.

Exercise 1: The raster package Exercise 2: What's a raster object?Exercise 3: Some useful methods Exercise 4: A more complicated object Exercise 5: A package that uses Raster objects Exercise 6: Color scales Exercise 7: Pick the right palette Exercise 8: Adding a custom continuous color palette to ggplot2 plots Exercise 9: Custom palette in tmap Exercise 10: More about color scales Exercise 11: An interval scale example Exercise 12: A diverging scale example Exercise 13: A qualitative example

In this chapter you'll follow the creation of a visualization from raw spatial data files to adding a credit to a map. Along the way, you'll learn how to read spatial data into R, more about projections and coordinate reference systems, how to add additional data to a spatial object, and some tips for polishing your maps.

Exercise 1: Reading in spatial data Exercise 2: Reading in a shapefile Exercise 3: Reading in a raster file Exercise 4: Getting data using a package Exercise 5: Coordinate reference systems Exercise 6: Merging data from different CRS/projections Exercise 7: Converting from one CRS/projection to another Exercise 8: Adding data to spatial objects Exercise 9: The wrong way Exercise 10: Checking data will match Exercise 11: Merging data attributes Exercise 12: A first plot Exercise 13: Polishing a map Exercise 14: Subsetting the neighborhoods Exercise 15: Adding neighborhood labels Exercise 16: Tidying up the legend and some final tweaks Exercise 17: Wrap up