Da quanto tempo?

Per avere un controllo più preciso sulla differenza tra date/ore, usa la funzione di base difftime(). Per esempio, invece di time1 - time2, usa difftime(time1, time2).

difftime() accetta un argomento units che specifica le unità per la differenza. Le opzioni sono "secs", "mins", "hours", "days" o "weeks".

Per esercitarti, calcolerai il tempo trascorso da quando il primo uomo ha messo piede sulla luna. Vedrai anche le funzioni di lubridate today() e now() che, chiamate senza argomenti, restituiscono rispettivamente la data e l’ora correnti nel fuso orario del tuo sistema.

Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Lavorare con date e orari in R

Visualizza il corso

Istruzioni dell'esercizio

Apollo 11 è atterrata il 20 luglio 1969. Usa difftime() per trovare il numero di giorni tra today() e date_landing.
Neil Armstrong è sceso sulla superficie alle 02:56:15 UTC. Usa difftime() per trovare il numero di secondi tra now() e moment_step.

Esercizio pratico interattivo

Prova a risolvere questo esercizio completando il codice di esempio.

# The date of landing and moment of step
date_landing <- mdy("July 20, 1969")
moment_step <- mdy_hms("July 20, 1969, 02:56:15", tz = "UTC")

# How many days since the first man on the moon?
difftime(___, ___, units = ___)

# How many seconds since the first man on the moon?
___

Modifica ed esegui il codice

Questo esercizio fa parte del corso

Lavorare con date e orari in R

IntermediárioNível de habilidade

4.8+

Inizia il corso gratis

R doesn't know something is a date or time unless you tell it. In this chapter you'll learn about some of the ways R stores dates and times by exploring how often R versions are released, and how quickly people download them. You'll also get a sneak peek at what you'll learn in the following chapters.

Exercise 1: Introduction to dates Exercise 2: Recognizing ISO 8601 dates Exercise 3: Specifying dates Exercise 4: Automatic import Exercise 5: Why use dates?Exercise 6: Plotting Exercise 7: Arithmetic and logical operators Exercise 8: What about times?Exercise 9: Getting datetimes into R Exercise 10: Datetimes behave nicely too Exercise 11: Why lubridate?

Dates and times come in a huge assortment of formats, so your first hurdle is often to parse the format you have into an R datetime. This chapter teaches you to import dates and times with the lubridate package. You'll also learn how to extract parts of a datetime. You'll practice by exploring the weather in R's birthplace, Auckland NZ.

Exercise 1: Parsing dates with lubridate Exercise 2: Selecting the right parsing function Exercise 3: Specifying an order with `parse_date_time()`Exercise 4: Weather in Auckland Exercise 5: Import daily weather data Exercise 6: Import hourly weather data Exercise 7: Extracting parts of a datetime Exercise 8: What can you extract?Exercise 9: Adding useful labels Exercise 10: Extracting for plotting Exercise 11: Extracting for filtering and summarizing Exercise 12: Rounding datetimes Exercise 13: Practice rounding Exercise 14: Rounding with the weather data

Getting datetimes into R is just the first step. Now that you know how to parse datetimes, you need to learn how to do calculations with them. In this chapter, you'll learn the different ways of representing spans of time with lubridate and how to leverage them to do arithmetic on datetimes. By the end of the chapter, you'll have calculated how long it's been since the first man stepped on the moon, generated sequences of dates to help schedule reminders, calculated when an eclipse occurs, and explored the reigns of monarch's of England (and which ones might have seen Halley's comet!).

Exercise 1: Calcolare le differenze tra datetime Exercise 2: Da quanto tempo?

Esercizio in corso

Exercise 3: Quanti secondi ci sono in un giorno?Exercise 4: Intervalli di tempo.Exercise 5: Aggiungere o sottrarre un intervallo di tempo a una data e ora Exercise 6: Duration o Period?Exercise 7: Aritmetica con gli intervalli di tempo Exercise 8: Generare sequenze di date e orari Exercise 9: Il difficile dei mesi Exercise 10: Intervalli Exercise 11: Esaminare gli intervalli. Regni di re e regine Exercise 12: Confrontare intervalli e datetime Exercise 13: Conversione in duration e period

You now know most of what you need to tackle data that includes dates and times, but there are a few other problems you might encounter in practice. In this final chapter you'll learn a little more about these problems by returning to some of the earlier data examples and learning how to handle time zones, deal with times when you don't care about dates, parse dates quickly, and output dates and times.

Exercise 1: Time zones Exercise 2: Setting the timezone Exercise 3: Viewing in a timezone Exercise 4: Timezones in the weather data Exercise 5: Times without dates Exercise 6: More on importing and exporting datetimes Exercise 7: Fast parsing with fasttime Exercise 8: Fast parsing with lubridate::fast_strptime Exercise 9: Outputting pretty dates and times Exercise 10: Wrap-up