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Moduli, package e subpackage

# Open the text file
with open('alice.txt') as file:
    text = file.read()

n = 0
for word in text.split():
    # Count the number of times the words in the list appear
    if word.lower() in ['cat', 'cats']:
        n += 1

print('Lewis Carroll uses the word "cat" {} times'.format(n))


def count_words(filepath, words_list):
    # Open the text file
    with open(filepath) as file:
        text = file.read()
    
    n = 0
    for word in text.split():
        # Count the number of times the words in the list appear
        if word.lower() in words_list:
            n += 1
    return n


Da script a package

def count_words(filepath, words_list):
    # Open the text file
    with open(filepath) as file:
        text = file.read()
    # Count number of times these words appear
    n = 0
    for word in text.split():
        if word.lower() in words_list:
            n += 1
    return n


from textanalysis.textanalysis import count_words

# Count the number of positive words
nb_positive_words = ____(____, [____, ____])

# Count the number of negative words
nb_negative_words = ____(____, ____)

print("{} positive words.".format(nb_positive_words))
print("{} negative words.".format(nb_negative_words))


from textanalysis.textanalysis import count_words

# Count the number of positive words
nb_positive_words = count_words('hotel-reviews.txt', ['good', 'great'])

# Count the number of negative words
nb_negative_words = count_words('hotel-reviews.txt', ['bad', 'awful'])

print("{} positive words.".format(nb_positive_words))
print("{} negative words.".format(nb_negative_words))


Mettere al lavoro il tuo package

Documentazione

INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12.0  # 12 inches in a foot
INCHES_PER_YARD = INCHES_PER_FOOT * 3.0  # 3 feet in a yard

UNITS = ("in", "ft", "yd")


def inches_to_feet(x, reverse=False):
    if reverse:
        return x * INCHES_PER_FOOT
    else:
        return x / INCHES_PER_FOOT


INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12.0  # 12 inches in a foot
INCHES_PER_YARD = INCHES_PER_FOOT * 3.0  # 3 feet in a yard

UNITS = ("in", "ft", "yd")

def inches_to_feet(x, reverse=False):
    """

    Parameters
    ----------
    x :

    reverse :
         (Default value = False)

    Returns
    -------

    """
    if reverse:
        return x * INCHES_PER_FOOT
    else:
        return x / INCHES_PER_FOOT


# Run the following command in the console
# pyment -w -o numpydoc impyrial/length/core.py

Scrivere la documentazione delle funzioni con pyment

INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12.0  # 12 inches in a foot
INCHES_PER_YARD = INCHES_PER_FOOT * 3.0  # 3 feet in a yard

UNITS = ("in", "ft", "yd")


def inches_to_feet(x, reverse=False):
    """

    Parameters
    ----------
    x :

    reverse :
         (Default value = False)

    Returns
    -------

    """
    if reverse:
        return x * INCHES_PER_FOOT
    else:
        return x / INCHES_PER_FOOT


INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12.0  # 12 inches in a foot
INCHES_PER_YARD = INCHES_PER_FOOT * 3.0  # 3 feet in a yard

UNITS = ("in", "ft", "yd")


def inches_to_feet(x, reverse=False):
    """Convert lengths between inches and feet.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : numpy.ndarray
        Lengths in feet.
    reverse : bool, optional
        If true this function converts from feet to inches 
        instead of the default behavior of inches to feet. 
        (Default value = False)

    Returns
    -------
    numpy.ndarray
    """
    if reverse:
        return x * INCHES_PER_FOOT
    else:
        return x / INCHES_PER_FOOT


Scrivere la documentazione delle funzioni con pyment II

"""
impyrial
========
A package for converting between imperial measurements of length and weight.
"""


"""
impyrial.length
===============
Length conversion between imperial units.
"""


"""Conversions between inches and larger imperial length units"""
INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12.0  # 12 inches in a foot
INCHES_PER_YARD = INCHES_PER_FOOT * 3.0  # 3 feet in a yard

UNITS = ("in", "ft", "yd")


def inches_to_feet(x, reverse=False):
    """Convert lengths between inches and feet.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : numpy.ndarray
        Lengths in feet.
    reverse : bool, optional
        If true this function converts from feet to inches 
        instead of the default behavior of inches to feet. 
        (Default value = False)

    Returns
    -------
    numpy.ndarray
    """
    if reverse:
        return x * INCHES_PER_FOOT
    else:
        return x / INCHES_PER_FOOT


Documentazione di package e moduli

Strutturare gli import

from ____ import ____

result = convert_unit(10, 'in', 'yd')
print(result)


"""User-facing functions."""
from ____ import (
    ____,
    ____,
    ____
)


def convert_unit(x, from_unit, to_unit):
    """Convert from one length unit to another.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Lengths to convert.
    from_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the input lengths `x`
    to_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the returned lengths

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted lengths with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    # Convert length to inches
    if from_unit == "in":
        inches = x
    elif from_unit == "ft":
        inches = inches_to_feet(x, reverse=True)
    elif from_unit == "yd":
        inches = inches_to_yards(x, reverse=True)

    # Convert inches to desired units
    if to_unit == "in":
        value = inches
    elif to_unit == "ft":
        value = inches_to_feet(inches)
    elif to_unit == "yd":
        value = inches_to_yards(inches)

    return value


from impyrial.length.api import convert_unit

result = convert_unit(10, 'in', 'yd')
print(result)


"""User-facing functions."""
from impyrial.length.core import (
    UNITS,
    inches_to_feet,
    inches_to_yards
)


def convert_unit(x, from_unit, to_unit):
    """Convert from one length unit to another.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Lengths to convert.
    from_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the input lengths `x`
    to_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the returned lengths

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted lengths with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    # Convert length to inches
    if from_unit == "in":
        inches = x
    elif from_unit == "ft":
        inches = inches_to_feet(x, reverse=True)
    elif from_unit == "yd":
        inches = inches_to_yards(x, reverse=True)

    # Convert inches to desired units
    if to_unit == "in":
        value = inches
    elif to_unit == "ft":
        value = inches_to_feet(inches)
    elif to_unit == "yd":
        value = inches_to_yards(inches)

    return value


Import tra moduli fratelli

from impyrial.length.api import convert_unit

# Make sure unit checking is working by trying examples
print('The following line should run:')
result1 = convert_unit(10, 'in', 'yd')
print(result1)

print('The following line should cause an error:')
result2 = convert_unit(10, 'lb', 'yd')
print(result2)


"""User-facing functions."""
# Import the check_units function
____
from impyrial.length.core import (
    UNITS,
    inches_to_feet,
    inches_to_yards,
)


def convert_unit(x, from_unit, to_unit):
    """Convert from one length unit to another.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Lengths to convert.
    from_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the input lengths `x`
    to_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the returned lengths

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted lengths with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    # Check if units are valid length units
    check_units(from_unit, to_unit, UNITS)
    
    # convert length to inches
    if from_unit == "in":
        inches = x
    elif from_unit == "ft":
        inches = inches_to_feet(x, reverse=True)
    elif from_unit == "yd":
        inches = inches_to_yards(x, reverse=True)

    # Convert inches to desired units
    if to_unit == "in":
        value = inches
    elif to_unit == "ft":
        value = inches_to_feet(inches)
    elif to_unit == "yd":
        value = inches_to_yards(inches)

    return value


"""User-facing functions."""
# Import the check_units function
from impyrial.utils import check_units
from impyrial.length.core import (
    UNITS,
    inches_to_feet,
    inches_to_yards,
)


def convert_unit(x, from_unit, to_unit):
    """Convert from one length unit to another.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x : array_like
        Lengths to convert.
    from_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the input lengths `x`
    to_unit : {'in', 'ft', 'yd'}
        Unit of the returned lengths

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        An array of converted lengths with the same shape as `x`. If `x` is a
        0-d array, then a scalar is returned.
    """
    # Check if units are valid length units
    check_units(from_unit, to_unit, UNITS)
    
    # Convert length to inches
    if from_unit == "in":
        inches = x
    elif from_unit == "ft":
        inches = inches_to_feet(x, reverse=True)
    elif from_unit == "yd":
        inches = inches_to_yards(x, reverse=True)

    # Convert inches to desired units
    if to_unit == "in":
        value = inches
    elif to_unit == "ft":
        value = inches_to_feet(inches)
    elif to_unit == "yd":
        value = inches_to_yards(inches)

    return value


Importare dai parent

# This is the __init__.py file for the impyrial/length subpackage

# Import the convert_unit function from the api.py module
____


# This is the top level __init__.py file

# Import the length subpackage
____


import impyrial

result = impyrial.length.convert_unit(10, 'in', 'yd')
print(result)


# This is the __init__.py file for the impyrial/length subpackage

# Import the convert_unit function from the api.py module
from .api import convert_unit


# This is the top level __init__.py file

# Import the length subpackage
from . import length


Rendere disponibili le funzioni agli utenti

From Loose Code to Local Package

Make your package installable for yourself and others. In this chapter, you'll learn to deal with dependencies,  write READMEs, and include licenses. You'll also complete all the steps to publish your package on PyPI—the main home of Python packages.

Installing your own package

Adding the setup script

Installing your package locally

Utilizing editable installs

Dealing with dependencies

User dependencies

Development dependencies

Including licences and writing READMEs

Writing a README

MANIFEST - Including extra files with your package

Publishing your package

Building a distribution

Uploading distributions

Install Your Package from Anywhere

Bring your package up to a professional standard. Discover how to use pytest to guard against errors, tox to test if your package functions with multiple versions of Python, and flake8 to maintain great code style.

Testing your package

Creating the test directory

Writing some basic tests

Running your tests

Testing your package with different environments

Setting up tox

Running tox

Keeping your package stylish

Appropriate style filtering

Using flake8 to tidy up a file

Ignoring specific errors

Configuring flake8

Increasing Your Package Quality

Create your packages more quickly. In this final chapter, you’ll learn how to use cookiecutter to generate all the supporting files your package needs, Makefiles to simplify releasing new versions, and be introduced to the last few files your package needs to attract users and contributors.

Faster package development with templates

Using package templates

Version numbers and history

CONTRIBUTING.md

History file

Tracking version number with bumpversion

Makefiles and classifiers

PyPI classifiers

Using makefiles

Wrap-up

Rapid Package Development

Ti capita di copiare e incollare lo stesso codice tra file, desiderando fosse più semplice riutilizzarlo e condividerlo? Impacchettare il tuo codice in pacchetti Python può aiutarti! In questo corso imparerai la struttura di un pacchetto e i file aggiuntivi necessari per trasformare codice sparso in pacchetti pratici. Imparerai anche la struttura degli import, la documentazione e come mantenere lo stile del codice con flake8. Poi velocizzerai lo sviluppo dei pacchetti creando template, usando cookiecutter per generare gli scheletri dei pacchetti. Infine, scoprirai come usare setuptools e twine per creare e pubblicare i tuoi pacchetti su PyPI — il palcoscenico mondiale dei pacchetti Python.

Introduction to Shell

Writing Functions in Python

Scopri struttura pacchetti, importazioni, documentazione, stile codice, crea modelli e pubblicali.

Sviluppare pacchetti Python

Impara a creare i tuoi pacchetti Python per rendere il tuo codice più facile da usare e condividere con gli altri.

Moduli, package e subpackage

Sviluppare pacchetti Python

Esercizio pratico interattivo