Imputasi dengan random forests

Pendekatan Machine Learning untuk imputasi bisa lebih akurat dan lebih mudah diterapkan dibandingkan model statistik tradisional. Pertama, Anda tidak perlu menentukan hubungan antarkomponen variabel terlebih dahulu. Selain itu, model Machine Learning seperti random forests mampu menemukan hubungan yang sangat kompleks dan nonlinier, lalu memanfaatkannya untuk memprediksi nilai yang hilang.

Pada latihan ini, Anda akan berkenalan dengan paket missForest, yang membangun random forest terpisah untuk memprediksi nilai yang hilang pada setiap variabel, satu per satu. Anda akan memanggil fungsi imputasi pada data film biografi, biopics, yang sudah Anda gunakan sebelumnya dalam kursus ini, lalu mengekstrak data yang telah terisi serta estimasi galat imputasinya.

Mari “menanam” beberapa random forest!

Latihan ini adalah bagian dari kursus

Menangani Data Hilang dengan Imputasi di R

Petunjuk latihan

Muat paket missForest.
Gunakan missForest() untuk mengimputasi nilai yang hilang pada data biopics; simpan hasilnya ke imp_res.
Ekstrak himpunan data hasil imputasi dari imp_res, simpan sebagai imp_data, dan periksa apakah jumlah nilai hilangnya benar-benar nol.
Ekstrak estimasi galat imputasi dari imp_res, simpan sebagai imp_err, dan cetak ke konsol.

Latihan interaktif praktis

Cobalah latihan ini dengan menyelesaikan kode contoh berikut.

# Load the missForest package
___

# Impute biopics data using missForest
imp_res <- ___(___)

# Extract imputed data and check for missing values
imp_data <- imp_res$___
print(___(___(___)))

# Extract and print imputation errors
imp_err <- imp_res$___
print(___)

Edit dan Jalankan Kode

Latihan ini adalah bagian dari kursus

Menangani Data Hilang dengan Imputasi di R

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4.7+

Mulai Kursus Gratis

In this chapter, you’ll find out why missing data can be a risk when analyzing a dataset. You’ll be introduced to the three missing data mechanisms and learn how to recognize them using statistical tests and visualization tools.

Exercise 1: Missing data: what can go wrong Exercise 2: Linear regression with incomplete data Exercise 3: Analyzing regression output Exercise 4: Comparing models Exercise 5: Missing data mechanisms Exercise 6: Recognizing missing data mechanisms Exercise 7: t-test for MAR: data preparation Exercise 8: t-test for MAR: interpretation Exercise 9: Visualizing missing data patterns Exercise 10: Aggregation plot Exercise 11: Spine plot Exercise 12: Mosaic plot

Get to know the taxonomy of imputation methods and learn three donor-based techniques: mean, hot-deck, and k-Nearest-Neighbors imputation. You’ll look under the hood to see how these methods work, before learning how to apply them to a real-world tropical weather dataset. Along the way, you’ll also learn useful tricks that you can use to make them work even better for your problems.

Exercise 1: Mean imputation Exercise 2: Smelling the danger of mean imputation Exercise 3: Mean-imputing the temperature Exercise 4: Assessing imputation quality with margin plot Exercise 5: Hot-deck imputation Exercise 6: Vanilla hot-deck Exercise 7: Hot-deck tricks & tips I: imputing within domains Exercise 8: Hot-deck tricks & tips II: sorting by correlated variables Exercise 9: k-Nearest-Neighbors imputation Exercise 10: Choosing the number of neighbors Exercise 11: kNN tricks & tips I: weighting donors Exercise 12: kNN tricks & tips II: sorting variables

It’s time to learn how to use statistical and machine learning models, such as linear regression, logistic regression, and random forests, to impute missing data. In this chapter, you’ll look into how the models make their predictions and use this knowledge to draw the imputed values from conditional distributions. This is important as it ensures your imputations are more varied and plausible, making them more similar to the true data.

Exercise 1: Pendekatan imputasi berbasis model Exercise 2: Imputasi regresi linear Exercise 3: Menginisialisasi nilai yang hilang & iterasi atas variabel Exercise 4: Mendeteksi konvergensi Exercise 5: Mereplikasi variabilitas data Exercise 6: Imputasi dengan regresi logistik Exercise 7: Mengambil sampel dari distribusi kondisional Exercise 8: Imputasi berbasis model dengan berbagai tipe variabel Exercise 9: Imputasi berbasis pohon Exercise 10: Imputasi dengan random forests

Latihan Saat Ini

Exercise 11: Kesalahan imputasi per variabel Exercise 12: Pertukaran kecepatan–akurasi

Imputed values are not set in stone. They are just estimates and estimates come with some uncertainty. In this final chapter, you’ll discover how bootstrapping and chained equation using the mice package can be used to incorporate imputation uncertainty into your models and analyses to make them more reliable and robust.

Exercise 1: Multiple imputation by bootstrapping Exercise 2: Wrapping imputation & modeling in a function Exercise 3: Running the bootstrap Exercise 4: Bootstrapping confidence intervals Exercise 5: Multiple imputation by chained equations Exercise 6: The mice flow: mice - with - pool Exercise 7: Choosing default models Exercise 8: Using predictor matrix Exercise 9: Putting it all together Exercise 10: Analyzing missing data patterns Exercise 11: Imputing and inspecting outcomes Exercise 12: Inference with imputed data Exercise 13: Final remarks