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  3. Data Analysis and Statistical Inference
  • 1

    Introduction to R

    In this first lab, you'll learn the basics of how to analyze data with R. You are suggested to take this introductory lab if you are not yet familiar with this powerful open-source language.

  • 2

    Introduction to data

    Some define Statistics as the field that focuses on turning information into knowledge. The first step in that process is to summarize and describe the raw information - the data. In this lab, we will gain insight into public health by generating simple graphical and numerical summaries of a data set collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As this is a large data set, along the way we'll also learn the indispensable skills of data processing and subsetting.

  • 3

    Probability

    In this lab, we will investigate the phenomenon of hot hands in basketball, or specifically, whether Kobe Bryant has hot hands. We will make use of simulations in our investigation.

  • 4

    Foundations for inference: Sampling distributions

    In this two part lab we will investigate sampling distributions and the Central Limit Theorem as well as confidence intervals. We will use housing data from Ames, Iowa (a small town in the US) in our exploration.

  • 5

    Foundations for inference: Confidence intervals

    In this two part lab we will investigate sampling distributions and the Central Limit Theorem as well as confidence intervals. We will use housing data from Ames, Iowa (a small town in the US) in our exploration.

  • 6

    Inference for numerical data

    In this two part lab we will work on inference for numerical data. We will use a dataset on births from North Carolina as well as data from the General Social Survey.

  • 7

    Inference for categorical data

    In this lab we will work on inference for categorical data using data from a world-wide survey on religiosity and atheism.

  • 8

    Introduction to linear regression

    The movie Moneyball focuses on the "quest for the secret of success in baseball". It follows a low-budget team, the Oakland Athletics, who believed that underused statistics, such as a player's ability to get on base, better predict the ability to score runs than typical statistics like home runs, RBIs (runs batted in), and batting average. In this lab we'll be looking at data from all 30 Major League Baseball teams and examining the linear relationship between runs scored in a season and a number of other player statistics. Our aim will be to summarize these relationships both graphically and numerically in order to find which variable, if any, helps us best predict a team's runs scored in a season.

  • 9

    Multiple linear regression

    Many college courses conclude by giving students the opportunity to evaluate the course and the instructor anonymously. However, the use of these student evaluations as an indicator of course quality and teaching effectiveness is often criticized because these measures may reflect the influence of non-teaching related characteristics, such as the physical appearance of the instructor. The article titled, "Beauty in the classroom: instructors' pulchritude and putative pedagogical productivity" (Hamermesh and Parker, 2005) found that instructors who are viewed to be better looking receive higher instructional ratings. In this lab we will analyze the data from this study in order to learn what goes into a positive professor evaluation.

Initializing

Exercise

A first distribution analysis

The names() function tells us there are quite a few variables in the data set, enough to do a very in-depth analysis. For this lab, we'll restrict our attention to just two of the variables: the above ground living area of the house in square feet (Gr.Liv.Area) and the sale price (SalePrice).

To save some effort throughout the lab, you'll create two objects area and price to store these variables. These will be available in every exercise of this lab if they are required.

Instructions

100 XP
  • Create two objects area and price and assign to them the two variables (Gr.Liv.Area and SalePrice) we picked from our data frame.
  • Take a look at the distribution of area in the population of home sales by calculating the summary() and drawing a histogram of area.