Using the MSELoss

For regression problems, you often use Mean Squared Error (MSE) as a loss function instead of cross-entropy. MSE calculates the squared difference between predicted values (y_pred) and actual values (y). Now, you'll compute MSE loss using both NumPy and PyTorch.

torch, numpy (as np), and torch.nn (as nn) packages are already imported.

This exercise is part of the course

Introduction to Deep Learning with PyTorch

Exercise instructions

Calculate the MSE loss using NumPy.
Create an MSE loss function using PyTorch.
Convert y_pred and y to tensors, then calculate the MSE loss as mse_pytorch.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

y_pred = np.array([3, 5.0, 2.5, 7.0])  
y = np.array([3.0, 4.5, 2.0, 8.0])     

# Calculate MSE using NumPy
mse_numpy = ____

# Create the MSELoss function in PyTorch
criterion = ____

# Calculate MSE using PyTorch
mse_pytorch = ____(torch.tensor(____), ____)

print("MSE (NumPy):", mse_numpy)
print("MSE (PyTorch):", mse_pytorch)

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

Introduction to Deep Learning with PyTorch

IntermediateSkill Level

4.8+

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Self-driving cars, smartphones, search engines... Deep learning is now everywhere. Before you begin building complex models, you will become familiar with PyTorch, a deep learning framework. You will learn how to manipulate tensors, create PyTorch data structures, and build your first neural network in PyTorch with linear layers.

Exercise 1: Introduction to deep learning with PyTorch Exercise 2: Getting started with PyTorch tensors Exercise 3: Checking and adding tensors Exercise 4: Neural networks and layers Exercise 5: Linear layer network Exercise 6: Understanding weights Exercise 7: Hidden layers and parameters Exercise 8: Your first neural network Exercise 9: Stacking linear layers Exercise 10: Counting the number of parameters

To train a neural network in PyTorch, you will first need to understand additional components, such as activation and loss functions. You will then realize that training a network requires minimizing that loss function, which is done by calculating gradients. You will learn how to use these gradients to update your model's parameters.

Exercise 1: Discovering activation functions Exercise 2: Activate your understanding!Exercise 3: The sigmoid and softmax functions Exercise 4: Running a forward pass Exercise 5: Building a binary classifier in PyTorch Exercise 6: From regression to multi-class classification Exercise 7: Using loss functions to assess model predictions Exercise 8: Creating one-hot encoded labels Exercise 9: Calculating cross entropy loss Exercise 10: Using derivatives to update model parameters Exercise 11: Accessing the model parameters Exercise 12: Updating the weights manually Exercise 13: Using the PyTorch optimizer

Now that you've learned the key components of a neural network, you'll train one using a training loop. You'll explore potential issues like vanishing gradients and learn strategies to address them, such as alternative activation functions and tuning learning rate and momentum.

Exercise 1: A deeper dive into loading data Exercise 2: Using TensorDataset Exercise 3: Using DataLoader Exercise 4: Writing our first training loop Exercise 5: Using the MSELoss

Current Exercise

Exercise 6: Writing a training loop Exercise 7: ReLU activation functions Exercise 8: Implementing ReLU Exercise 9: Implementing leaky ReLU Exercise 10: Understanding activation functions Exercise 11: Learning rate and momentum Exercise 12: Experimenting with learning rate Exercise 13: Experimenting with momentum

Training a deep learning model is an art, and to make sure our model is trained correctly, we need to keep track of certain metrics during training, such as the loss or the accuracy. We will learn how to calculate such metrics and how to reduce overfitting.

Exercise 1: Layer initialization and transfer learning Exercise 2: Fine-tuning process Exercise 3: Freeze layers of a model Exercise 4: Layer initialization Exercise 5: Evaluating model performance Exercise 6: Writing the evaluation loop Exercise 7: Calculating accuracy using torchmetrics Exercise 8: Fighting overfitting Exercise 9: Experimenting with dropout Exercise 10: Understanding overfitting Exercise 11: Improving model performance Exercise 12: Implementing random search Exercise 13: Wrap-up video