Rescaling slopes
The last plot showed changes in crime rate varied by county. This shows you that you should include Year as both a random- and fixed-effect in your model. Including Year this way will estimate a global slope across all counties as well as slope for each county. The fixed-effect slope estimates the change in major crimes across all Maryland counties. The random-effect slope estimates model for that counties have different changes in crime.
But, fitting this model produces a warning message! To address this warning, change Year from starting at 2006 to starting at 0. We provide you with this new variable, Year2 (e.g., 2006 in Year is 0 in Year2). Sometimes when fitting regression, you need to scale or center the intercept to start at 0. This improves numerical stability of the model.
แบบฝึกหัดนี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของหลักสูตร
Hierarchical and Mixed Effects Models in R
คำแนะนำการฝึกหัด
- Build a
lmer()to predictCrimewithYearas both a fixed-effect and random-effect slope andCountyas the random-effect intercept. - Build a second
lmer()to predictCrimewithYear2as both a fixed-effect and random-effect slope andCountyas the random-effect intercept.
แบบฝึกหัดเชิงโต้ตอบแบบลงมือทำ
ลองทำแบบฝึกหัดนี้โดยเติมโค้ดตัวอย่างนี้ให้สมบูรณ์
# Fit the model with Year as both a fixed and random-effect
lmer(___ ~ Year + (1 + Year | ___) , data = md_crime)
# Fit the model with Year2 rather than Year
lmer(___ ~ Year2 + (1 + Year2 | ___) , data = md_crime)