In this chapter, you’ll gain a complete introduction to the components of Apache Airflow and learn how and why you should use them.

Introduction to Apache Airflow

Dag counter

Running your first Dag

Airflow Dags

Creating a simple Dag

Working with Dags and the Airflow shell

Examining Airflow commands

Testing a task in Airflow

Airflow web interface

Navigating the Airflow UI

Examining Dags with the Airflow UI

Dag errors

Intro to Airflow

What’s up Dag? Now it’s time to learn the basics of implementing Airflow Dags. Through hands-on activities, you’ll learn how to set up and deploy operators, tasks, and scheduling.

Airflow operators

Decorating a task

Defining a BashOperator with @task.bash

Define order of Tasks

More @tasks

Scheduling Dags

Schedule a Dag via Python

Deciphering Airflow schedules

Troubleshooting Dag runs

Passing data between tasks with XCom

Passing data with XCom

XCom variables

Airflow Sensors

Determining the order of tasks

Creating a FileSensor

Sensory Deprivation

Building Dags in Airflow

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to save yourself time using Airflow components such as sensors and executors while monitoring and troubleshooting Airflow workflows.

Monitoring, Alerting, and Callbacks

Implementing a callback function

Implementing an SmtpNotifier

What's in the logs?

Templating with Jinja

Writing with Jinja

Subbing out

Airflow Variables

The answer is Variable

Reading a variable in Python

Variables not quite right

Debugging and troubleshooting in Airflow

Dag troubleshooting

Missing Dag

Maintaining and monitoring Airflow workflows

Put it all together. In this final chapter, you’ll apply everything you've learned to build a production-quality workflow in Airflow.

Trigger e tolleranza agli errori

Implementare una Trigger Rule

Aggiungere i retry

Attivare un Dag figlio

Diramazione

Definisci un @task.branch

Risoluzione dei problemi di branching

L'operatore HITL

Aggiungere l'approvazione umana

Task ApprovalOperator

Creare una pipeline di produzione

# Imports
from airflow.sdk import ____, ____, ____
from airflow.providers.standard.sensors.filesystem import ____
from airflow.providers.smtp.notifications.smtp import SmtpNotifier

from pendulum import datetime

# Dag definition
@dag(
  start_date=datetime(2026,5,1),
  schedule='____',
  on_success_callback=____(
    to="airflow_team@mycompany.com",
    from_email="airflow_production@mycompany.com",
    subject="sales_etl run succeeded!"
  )
)
def sales_etl():
  
  @task
  def initialize(ds):
    print('Cleaning data directories, prepping for processing...')

    # Use a variable to set the current data path
    Variable.set("sales_etl_data_path", f'/data/sales_etl/{ds}')
  
  
  # Setup a file sensor to wait for the filescopied.txt file to be present
  filewatcher = FileSensor(
    task_id="WaitForDataFiles",
    filepath="{{var.value.____}}/filescopied.txt",
    poke_interval=15,
    timeout=300
  )
    
  initialized = initialize()
  initialized >> filewatcher
  
sales_etl()

# Imports
from airflow.sdk import dag, task, Variable
from airflow.providers.standard.sensors.filesystem import FileSensor
from airflow.providers.smtp.notifications.smtp import SmtpNotifier

from pendulum import datetime

# Dag definition
@dag(
  start_date=datetime(2026,5,1),
  schedule='@monthly',
  on_success_callback=SmtpNotifier(
    to="airflow_team@mycompany.com",
    from_email="airflow_production@mycompany.com",
    subject="sales_etl run succeeded!"
  )
)
def sales_etl():
  
  @task
  def initialize(ds):
    print('Cleaning data directories, prepping for processing...')

    # Use a variable to set the current data path
    Variable.set("sales_etl_data_path", f'/data/sales_etl/{ds}')
  
  
  # Setup a file sensor to wait for the filescopied.txt file to be present
  filewatcher = FileSensor(
    task_id="WaitForDataFiles",
    filepath="{{var.value.sales_etl_data_path}}/filescopied.txt",
    poke_interval=15,
    timeout=300
  )
      
  initialized = initialize()
  initialized >> filewatcher 
  
sales_etl()

Configurare la pipeline ETL delle vendite

# Imports
from airflow.sdk import dag, task, Variable
from airflow.providers.standard.sensors.filesystem import FileSensor
from airflow.providers.smtp.notifications.smtp import SmtpNotifier

from pendulum import datetime

# Dag definition
@dag(
  start_date=datetime(2026,5,1),
  schedule='@monthly',
  on_success_callback=SmtpNotifier(
    to="airflow_team@mycompany.com",
    from_email="airflow_production@mycompany.com",
    subject="sales_etl run succeeded!"
  )
)
def sales_etl():
  
  @task
  def initialize(ds):
    print('Cleaning data directories, prepping for processing...')

    # Use a variable to set the current data path
    Variable.set("sales_etl_data_path", f'/data/sales_etl/{ds}')
  
  
  # Setup a file sensor to wait for the filescopied.txt file to be present
  filewatcher = FileSensor(
    task_id="WaitForDataFiles",
    filepath="{{var.value.sales_etl_data_path}}/filescopied.txt",
    poke_interval=15,
    timeout=300
  )
  
  
  # Create a branching task to validate the data. 
  @____
  def validate_data():
    sales_path = Variable.____('sales_etl_data_path')
    print(f"Parsing data at {sales_path}")
    next_task = '____'
    if '-09-' in sales_path:
      next_task = '____'
    return next_task
  
  
  initialized = initialize()
  validated = validate_data()
  
  initialized >> filewatcher >> validated
  
  
sales_etl()

# Imports
from airflow.sdk import dag, task, Variable
from airflow.providers.standard.sensors.filesystem import FileSensor
from airflow.providers.smtp.notifications.smtp import SmtpNotifier

from pendulum import datetime

# Dag definition
@dag(
  start_date=datetime(2026,5,1),
  schedule='@monthly',
  on_success_callback=SmtpNotifier(
    to="airflow_team@mycompany.com",
    from_email="airflow_production@mycompany.com",
    subject="sales_etl run succeeded!"
  )
)
def sales_etl():
  
  @task
  def initialize(ds):
    print('Cleaning data directories, prepping for processing...')

    # Use a variable to set the current data path
    Variable.set("sales_etl_data_path", f'/data/sales_etl/{ds}')
  
  
  # Setup a file sensor to wait for the filescopied.txt file to be present
  filewatcher = FileSensor(
    task_id="WaitForDataFiles",
    filepath="{{var.value.sales_etl_data_path}}/filescopied.txt",
    poke_interval=15,
    timeout=300
  )
  
  
  # Create a branching task to validate the data. 
  @task.branch
  def validate_data():
    sales_path = Variable.get('sales_etl_data_path')
    print(f"Parsing data at {sales_path}")
    next_task = 'regular_monthly_task'
    if '-09-' in sales_path:
      next_task = 'yearend_approval_task'
    return next_task
  
  
  initialized = initialize()
  validated = validate_data()
  
  initialized >> filewatcher >> validated
  
  
sales_etl()

Aggiungere un branching mensile

# Imports
from airflow.sdk import dag, task, Variable
from airflow.providers.standard.sensors.filesystem import FileSensor
from airflow.providers.smtp.notifications.smtp import SmtpNotifier
from airflow.providers.standard.operators.hitl import ____

from pendulum import datetime

# Dag definition
@dag(
  start_date=datetime(2026,5,1),
  schedule='@monthly',
  on_success_callback=SmtpNotifier(
    to="airflow_team@mycompany.com",
    from_email="airflow_production@mycompany.com",
    subject="sales_etl run succeeded!"
  )
)
def sales_etl():
  
  @task
  def initialize(ds):
    print('Cleaning data directories, prepping for processing...')

    # Use a variable to set the current data path
    Variable.set("sales_etl_data_path", f'/data/sales_etl/{ds}')
  
  
  # Setup a file sensor to wait for the filescopied.txt file to be present
  filewatcher = FileSensor(
    task_id="WaitForDataFiles",
    filepath="{{var.value.sales_etl_data_path}}/filescopied.txt",
    poke_interval=15,
    timeout=300
  )
  
  
  # Create a branching task to validate the data. 
  @task.branch
  def validate_data():
    sales_path = Variable.get('sales_etl_data_path')
    print(f"Parsing data at {sales_path}")
    next_task = 'regular_monthly_task'
    if '-09-' in sales_path:
      next_task = 'yearend_approval_task'
    return next_task
  
  @task
  def regular_monthly_task():
    print(f'Processing data and automatically updating dataset')
    
  yearend_approval_task = ____(
    task_id="____",
    subject="Sales data processing - Approval Required",
    body=(
            "Please review the sales data produced by the *validate_data* task "
            "on {{ds}}."
            "Approve to push to the data warehouse, or Reject to halt the run."
    ),
  )
  
  @task
  def push_to_warehouse():
    print(f'Pushing processed data to warehouse')
  
  initialized = initialize()
  validated = validate_data()
  
  initialized >> filewatcher >>validated
  
  validated >> [regular_monthly_task(), ____] >> push_to_warehouse()
  
  
sales_etl()

# Imports
from airflow.sdk import dag, task, Variable
from airflow.providers.standard.sensors.filesystem import FileSensor
from airflow.providers.smtp.notifications.smtp import SmtpNotifier
from airflow.providers.standard.operators.hitl import ApprovalOperator

from pendulum import datetime

# Dag definition
@dag(
  start_date=datetime(2026,5,1),
  schedule='@monthly',
  on_success_callback=SmtpNotifier(
    to="airflow_team@mycompany.com",
    from_email="airflow_production@mycompany.com",
    subject="sales_etl run succeeded!"
  )
)
def sales_etl():
  
  @task
  def initialize(ds):
    print('Cleaning data directories, prepping for processing...')

    # Use a variable to set the current data path
    Variable.set("sales_etl_data_path", f'/data/sales_etl/{ds}')
  
  
  # Setup a file sensor to wait for the filescopied.txt file to be present
  filewatcher = FileSensor(
    task_id="WaitForDataFiles",
    filepath="{{var.value.sales_etl_data_path}}/filescopied.txt",
    poke_interval=15,
    timeout=300
  )
  
  
  # Create a branching task to validate the data. 
  @task.branch
  def validate_data():
    sales_path = Variable.get('sales_etl_data_path')
    print(f"Parsing data at {sales_path}")
    next_task = 'regular_monthly_task'
    if '-09-' in sales_path:
      next_task = 'yearend_approval_task'
    return next_task
  
  @task
  def regular_monthly_task():
    print(f'Processing data and automatically updating dataset')
    
  yearend_approval_task = ApprovalOperator(
    task_id="yearend_approval_task",
    subject="Sales data processing - Approval Required",
    body=(
            "Please review the sales data produced by the *validate_data* task "
            "on {{ds}}."
            "Approve to push to the data warehouse, or Reject to halt the run."
    ),
  )
  
  @task
  def push_to_warehouse():
    print(f'Pushing processed data to warehouse')
  
  initialized = initialize()
  validated = validate_data()
  
  initialized >> filewatcher >>validated
  
  validated >> [regular_monthly_task(), yearend_approval_task] >> push_to_warehouse()
  
  
sales_etl()

Aggiungere una fase di approvazione umana

Congratulazioni!

Controlling Dag Logic

Ora aggiornato ad Apache Airflow 3.1.6 - Consegnare dati su base programmata può essere un processo manuale. Scrivi script, aggiungi complicati task cron e provi varie soluzioni per soddisfare requisiti in continua evoluzione — e gestire tutto è ancora più difficile quando lavori in team. Apache Airflow può eliminare questo problema aggiungendo pianificazione, gestione degli errori e reportistica ai tuoi workflow. In questo corso, imparerai le basi di Apache Airflow e come implementare in produzione pipeline di data engineering complesse. Imparerai anche a usare i Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG), ad automatizzare i workflow di data engineering e a implementare task di data engineering in modo semplice e ripetibile — aiutandoti a mantenere la sanità mentale.

Intermediate Python

Introduction to Shell

Impara a gestire flussi di lavoro dati con Airflow e DAGs in Python, includendo pianificazione e report.

Introduzione ad Apache Airflow in Python

Scopri come mettere in pratica e pianificare i flussi di lavoro di ingegneria dei dati.

Ingegnere dei dati in Python

Aggiungere una fase di approvazione umana

Introduzione ad Apache Airflow in Python

Esercizio pratico interattivo