Error por underfitting/overfitting

El conjunto de datos de dulces es perfecto para sufrir overfitting. Con solo 85 observaciones, si usas el 20% para el conjunto de prueba, estás perdiendo muchos datos valiosos que podrían usarse para modelar. Imagina que la mayoría de los caramelos de chocolate caen en los datos de entrenamiento y muy pocos en la muestra de validación. Nuestro modelo podría ver solo que el chocolate es un factor clave y no detectar que otros atributos también importan. En este ejercicio, vas a explorar cómo usar demasiadas características (columnas) en un modelo de random forest puede llevar a overfitting.

Una característica indica qué columnas de los datos se usan en un árbol de decisión. El parámetro max_features limita el número de características disponibles.

Este ejercicio forma parte del curso

Validación de modelos en Python

ejercicio interactivo práctico

Prueba este ejercicio completando este código de ejemplo.

# Update the rfr model
rfr = RandomForestRegressor(____=25,
                            ____=1111,
                            ____=2)
rfr.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Print the training and testing accuracies 
print('The training error is {0:.2f}'.format(
  mae(y_train, rfr.predict(X_train))))
print('The testing error is {0:.2f}'.format(
  mae(y_test, rfr.predict(X_test))))

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Este ejercicio forma parte del curso

Validación de modelos en Python

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Before we can validate models, we need an understanding of how to create and work with them. This chapter provides an introduction to running regression and classification models in scikit-learn. We will use this model building foundation throughout the remaining chapters.

Exercise 1: Introduction to model validation Exercise 2: Modeling steps Exercise 3: Seen vs. unseen data Exercise 4: Regression models Exercise 5: Set parameters and fit a model Exercise 6: Feature importances Exercise 7: Classification models Exercise 8: Classification predictions Exercise 9: Reusing model parameters Exercise 10: Random forest classifier

This chapter focuses on the basics of model validation. From splitting data into training, validation, and testing datasets, to creating an understanding of the bias-variance tradeoff, we build the foundation for the techniques of K-Fold and Leave-One-Out validation practiced in chapter three.

Exercise 1: Crear conjuntos de datos de entrenamiento, prueba y validación Exercise 2: Crea un único conjunto holdout Exercise 3: Crea dos conjuntos de validación (holdout)Exercise 4: Por qué usar conjuntos holdout Exercise 5: Métricas de precisión: modelos de regresión Exercise 6: Error absoluto medio Exercise 7: Error cuadrático medio Exercise 8: Rendimiento por subconjuntos de datos Exercise 9: Métricas de clasificación Exercise 10: Matrices de confusión Exercise 11: Otra vez las matrices de confusión Exercise 12: Precisión vs. exhaustividad Exercise 13: El compromiso entre sesgo y varianza Exercise 14: Error por underfitting/overfitting

Ejercicio actual

Exercise 15: ¿Estoy subajustando?

Holdout sets are a great start to model validation. However, using a single train and test set if often not enough. Cross-validation is considered the gold standard when it comes to validating model performance and is almost always used when tuning model hyper-parameters. This chapter focuses on performing cross-validation to validate model performance.

Exercise 1: The problems with holdout sets Exercise 2: Two samples Exercise 3: Potential problems Exercise 4: Cross-validation Exercise 5: scikit-learn's KFold()Exercise 6: Using KFold indices Exercise 7: sklearn's cross_val_score()Exercise 8: scikit-learn's methods Exercise 9: Implement cross_val_score()Exercise 10: Leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV)Exercise 11: When to use LOOCV Exercise 12: Leave-one-out-cross-validation

The first three chapters focused on model validation techniques. In chapter 4 we apply these techniques, specifically cross-validation, while learning about hyperparameter tuning. After all, model validation makes tuning possible and helps us select the overall best model.

Exercise 1: Introduction to hyperparameter tuning Exercise 2: Creating Hyperparameters Exercise 3: Running a model using ranges Exercise 4: RandomizedSearchCV Exercise 5: Preparing for RandomizedSearch Exercise 6: Implementing RandomizedSearchCV Exercise 7: Selecting your final model Exercise 8: Best classification accuracy Exercise 9: Selecting the best precision model Exercise 10: Course completed!