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  3. Machine Learning with Tree-Based Models in Python
  • 1

    Classification and Regression Trees

    Free

    Classification and Regression Trees (CART) are a set of supervised learning models used for problems involving classification and regression. In this chapter, you'll be introduced to the CART algorithm.

  • 2

    The Bias-Variance Tradeoff

    The bias-variance tradeoff is one of the fundamental concepts in supervised machine learning. In this chapter, you'll understand how to diagnose the problems of overfitting and underfitting. You'll also be introduced to the concept of ensembling where the predictions of several models are aggregated to produce predictions that are more robust.

  • 3

    Bagging and Random Forests

    Bagging is an ensemble method involving training the same algorithm many times using different subsets sampled from the training data. In this chapter, you'll understand how bagging can be used to create a tree ensemble. You'll also learn how the random forests algorithm can lead to further ensemble diversity through randomization at the level of each split in the trees forming the ensemble.

  • 4

    Boosting

    Boosting refers to an ensemble method in which several models are trained sequentially with each model learning from the errors of its predecessors. In this chapter, you'll be introduced to the two boosting methods of AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting.

  • 5

    Model Tuning

    The hyperparameters of a machine learning model are parameters that are not learned from data. They should be set prior to fitting the model to the training set. In this chapter, you'll learn how to tune the hyperparameters of a tree-based model using grid search cross validation.

Initializing

Exercise

Train the AdaBoost classifier

Now that you've instantiated the AdaBoost classifier ada, it's time train it. You will also predict the probabilities of obtaining the positive class in the test set. This can be done as follows:

Once the classifier ada is trained, call the .predict_proba() method by passing X_test as a parameter and extract these probabilities by slicing all the values in the second column as follows:

ada.predict_proba(X_test)[:,1]

The Indian Liver dataset is processed for you and split into 80% train and 20% test. Feature matrices X_train and X_test, as well as the arrays of labels y_train and y_test are available in your workspace. In addition, we have also loaded the instantiated model ada from the previous exercise.

Instructions

100 XP

  • Fit ada to the training set.

  • Evaluate the probabilities of obtaining the positive class in the test set.