Internal load balancing
1. Internal load balancing
Next, let's talk about internal load balancing. Internal Application Load Balancers are Envoy proxy-based regional Layer 7 load balancers that enable you to run and scale your HTTP application traffic behind an internal IP address. Internal Application Load Balancers support backends in one region, but can be configured to be globally accessible by clients from any Google Cloud region. You can configure an internal Application Load Balancer in either regional, or cross region, internal application load balancer mode. Internal Application Load Balancers optimize traffic distribution within your VPC network or networks connected to your VPC network. You can configure an internal Application Load Balancer in the following modes: regional internal, or cross-region. A regional internal Application Load Balancer is implemented as a managed service based on the open-source Envoy proxy. Regional mode ensures that all clients and backends are from a specified region, which helps when you need regional compliance. This load balancer is enabled with rich traffic control capabilities based on HTTP(S) parameters. After the load balancer is configured, it automatically allocates Envoy proxies to meet your traffic needs. A cross-region internal Application Load Balancer is a multi-region load balancer that is implemented as a managed service based on the open-source Envoy proxy. The cross-region mode enables you to load balance traffic to backend services that are globally distributed, including traffic management that ensures traffic is directed to the closest backend. This load balancer also enables high availability. Placing backends in multiple regions helps avoid failures in a single region. If one region's backends are down, traffic can fail over to another region. The internal passthrough Network Load Balancer is a regional private load balancing service for when you need to load balance TCP, UDP, ICMP, ICMPv6, SCTP, ESP, AH, and GRE traffic, or when you need to load balance a TCP port that isn't supported by other load balancers. In other words, this load balancer enables you to run and scale your services behind a private load balancing IP address. This means that it is only accessible through the internal IP addresses of virtual machine instances that are in the same region. Therefore, configure an internal passthrough Network Load Balancer IP address to act as the frontend to your private backend instances. Because you don't need a public IP for your load-balanced service, your internal client requests stay internal to your VPC network and region. This often results in lowed latency, because all your load-balanced traffic will stay within Google's network, making your configuration much simpler. Let's talk more about the benefit of using a software-defined internal passthrough Network Load Balancer service. Google Cloud internal load balancing is not based on a device or a VM instance. Instead, it is a software-defined, fully-distributed load balancing solution. In the traditional proxy model of internal load balancing, as shown on the left, you configure an internal IP address on a load balancing device or instances, and your client instance connects to this IP address. Traffic coming to the IP address is terminated at the load balancer, and the load balancer selects a backend to establish a new connection to. Essentially, there are two connections: one between the client and the load balancer, and one between the load balancer and the backend. Google Cloud internal passthrough Network Load Balancing distributes client instance requests to the backend using a different approach, as shown on the right. It uses lightweight load balancing built on top of Andromeda, Google's network virtualization stack, to provide software-defined load balancing that directly delivers the traffic from the client instance to a backend instance. For more information on Andromeda, refer to the link in the Course Resources. Now let's take a look at internal proxy Network Load Balancers. The Google Cloud internal proxy Network Load Balancer is a proxy-based load balancer powered by open-source Envoy proxy software and the Andromeda network virtualization stack. It load balances traffic within your VPC network or networks connected to your VPC network. The internal proxy Network Load Balancer is a layer 4 load balancer that enables you to run and scale your TCP service traffic behind a regional internal IP address that is accessible only to clients in the same VPC network or clients connected to your VPC network. The load balancer first terminates the TCP connection between the client and the load balancer at an Envoy proxy. The proxy opens a second TCP connection to backends hosted in Google Cloud, on premises, or other cloud environments. Internal proxy Network Load Balancers are available in regional internal or cross-region internal deployment modes. For more use cases, refer to the Proxy Network Load Balancer overview link in the Course Resources. A regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer is implemented as a managed service based on the open-source Envoy proxy. Regional mode ensures that all clients and backends are from a specified region, which helps when you need regional compliance. This diagram shows the components of a regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer deployment in Premium Tier. This diagram shows the components of a cross-region internal proxy Network Load Balancer deployment in Premium Tier within the same VPC network. Each global forwarding rule uses a regional IP address that the clients use to connect. This is a multi-region load balancer that is implemented as a managed service based on the open-source Envoy proxy. The cross region-mode lets you load balance traffic to backend services that are globally distributed, including traffic management that ensures traffic is directed to the closest backend. This load balancer also enables high availability. Placing backends in multiple regions helps avoid failures in a single region. If one region's backends are down, traffic can fail over to another region. Now, internal load balancing enables you to support use cases such as the traditional 3-tier web services. In this example, the web tier uses an external Application Load Balancer that provides a single global IP address for users in San Francisco, Iowa, Singapore, and so on. The backends of this load balancer are located in the us-west1, us-central1, and asia-east1 regions because this is a global load balancer These backends then access an internal Network Load Balancer in each region as the application or internal tier. The backends of this internal tier are located in us-west1-a, us-central1-b, and asia-east1-b. The last tier is the database tier in each of those zones. The benefit of this 3-tier approach is that neither the database tier nor the application tier is exposed externally. This simplifies security and network pricing.2. Let's practice!
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