History of programming

1. History of programming

We have learned what computers are and how programming is translated to binary, lets go deeper and look at the types of programming languages.

2. Introduction of Programming Languages

As we recall previously, programming languages are converted into machine language (i.e. binary) via compilation or interpretation. A programming language exists to make it easier for humans to create a set of instructions for a computer to produce various kinds of outputs. These languages are crucial for developing software, as they enable us to write programs that computers can execute. In general, there are high-level languages, which are easier for humans to read and write, and low-level languages, which are closer to machine code and more difficult for humans to read but make it easier to control lower level functionality in a computer.

3. Functional, procedural, and low-level programming

High-level programming can be broken down further into procedural and functional languages. Let's explain them using the office analogy. Functional programming is like a worker who completes tasks using strict, predefined methods (pure functions), keeping the desk (CPU) tidy without side effects. Think of organizing everything neatly on the desk without ever leaving it messy. Procedural programming is like following a set of step-by-step instructions to complete tasks, using the filing cabinet (RAM) for quick access and temporary storage. This allows changes and adjustments as tasks progress, like retrieving and updating files from the cabinet. Low-level programming is akin to the worker directly managing the inner workings of the office, such as adjusting the thermostat in the office or modifying the spacing between files in filing cabinet or archive room (hard drive). This provides detailed control over every aspect of the workspace, necessary for performance-critical tasks or direct hardware interaction. These are some popular languages of each type.

4. The evolution of programming languages

The evolution of programming languages has been driven by the need to improve computer instruction, enhance productivity, and address specific problems. Early languages like Assembly and Fortran focused on direct hardware control and scientific calculations. Mid-era languages like COBOL and C shifted towards business data processing and system programming. Modern languages such as Python, JavaScript, and Java simplify development, support complex applications, and make programming more accessible to a broader audience. This evolution continues with Large Language Models, advancing how we instruct computers. Note: Python is popular in data science for its ease of use, powerful statistical libraries, and community support.

5. Refer to programming paradigms

If you want to learn more, see this DataCamp course on programming paradigms

6. Let's practice!

Let's apply what we learned with a few exercises

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