As mentioned in the video, SQLAlchemy's func module provides access to built-in SQL functions that can make operations like counting and summing faster and more efficient.

In the video, Jason used func.sum() to get a sum of the pop2008 column of census as shown below:

select([func.sum(census.columns.pop2008)])

If instead you want to count the number of values in pop2008, you could use func.count() like this:

select([func.count(census.columns.pop2008)])

Furthermore, if you only want to count the distinct values of pop2008, you can use the .distinct() method:

select([func.count(census.columns.pop2008.distinct())])

In this exercise, you will practice using func.count() and .distinct() to get a count of the distinct number of states in census.

So far, you've seen .fetchall() and .first() used on a ResultProxy to get the results. The ResultProxy also has a method called .scalar() for getting just the value of a query that returns only one row and column.

This can be very useful when you are querying for just a count or sum.

Counting, Summing and Grouping Data