High level text features

Once the text has been cleaned and standardized you can begin creating features from the data. The most fundamental information you can calculate about free form text is its size, such as its length and number of words. In this exercise (and the rest of this chapter), you will focus on the cleaned/transformed text column (text_clean) you created in the last exercise.

This exercise is part of the course

Feature Engineering for Machine Learning in Python

Exercise instructions

Record the character length of each speech in the char_count column.
Record the word count of each speech in the word_count column.
Record the average word length of each speech in the avg_word_length column.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

# Find the length of each text
speech_df['char_cnt'] = speech_df['text_clean'].____

# Count the number of words in each text
speech_df['word_cnt'] = speech_df['text_clean'].____

# Find the average length of word
speech_df['avg_word_length'] = ____ / ____

# Print the first 5 rows of these columns
print(speech_df[['text_clean', 'char_cnt', 'word_cnt', 'avg_word_length']])

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

Feature Engineering for Machine Learning in Python

IntermediateSkill Level

4.8+

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In this chapter, you will explore what feature engineering is and how to get started with applying it to real-world data. You will load, explore and visualize a survey response dataset, and in doing so you will learn about its underlying data types and why they have an influence on how you should engineer your features. Using the pandas package you will create new features from both categorical and continuous columns.

Exercise 1: Why generate features?Exercise 2: Getting to know your data Exercise 3: Selecting specific data types Exercise 4: Dealing with categorical features Exercise 5: One-hot encoding and dummy variables Exercise 6: Dealing with uncommon categories Exercise 7: Numeric variables Exercise 8: Binarizing columns Exercise 9: Binning values

This chapter introduces you to the reality of messy and incomplete data. You will learn how to find where your data has missing values and explore multiple approaches on how to deal with them. You will also use string manipulation techniques to deal with unwanted characters in your dataset.

Exercise 1: Why do missing values exist?Exercise 2: How sparse is my data?Exercise 3: Finding the missing values Exercise 4: Dealing with missing values (I)Exercise 5: Listwise deletion Exercise 6: Replacing missing values with constants Exercise 7: Dealing with missing values (II)Exercise 8: Filling continuous missing values Exercise 9: Imputing values in predictive models Exercise 10: Dealing with other data issues Exercise 11: Dealing with stray characters (I)Exercise 12: Dealing with stray characters (II)Exercise 13: Method chaining

In this chapter, you will focus on analyzing the underlying distribution of your data and whether it will impact your machine learning pipeline. You will learn how to deal with skewed data and situations where outliers may be negatively impacting your analysis.

Exercise 1: Data distributions Exercise 2: What does your data look like? (I)Exercise 3: What does your data look like? (II)Exercise 4: When don't you have to transform your data?Exercise 5: Scaling and transformations Exercise 6: Normalization Exercise 7: Standardization Exercise 8: Log transformation Exercise 9: When can you use normalization?Exercise 10: Removing outliers Exercise 11: Percentage based outlier removal Exercise 12: Statistical outlier removal Exercise 13: Scaling and transforming new data Exercise 14: Train and testing transformations (I)Exercise 15: Train and testing transformations (II)

Finally, in this chapter, you will work with unstructured text data, understanding ways in which you can engineer columnar features out of a text corpus. You will compare how different approaches may impact how much context is being extracted from a text, and how to balance the need for context, without too many features being created.

Exercise 1: Encoding text Exercise 2: Cleaning up your text Exercise 3: High level text features

Current Exercise

Exercise 4: Word counts Exercise 5: Counting words (I)Exercise 6: Counting words (II)Exercise 7: Limiting your features Exercise 8: Text to DataFrame Exercise 9: Term frequency-inverse document frequency Exercise 10: Tf-idf Exercise 11: Inspecting Tf-idf values Exercise 12: Transforming unseen data Exercise 13: N-grams Exercise 14: Using longer n-grams Exercise 15: Finding the most common words Exercise 16: Wrap-up