Sampling from the best continuous distribution

Random sampling from a well-fitting probability distribution helps maintain privacy. At the same time, it allows authorized parties to conduct an accurate statistical analysis of the data.

In this exercise, you will anonymize the column monthly_income from the IBM dataset. In the previous lesson, you determined the exponnorm continuous distribution to be the best fit. Use it to model the incomes.

The dataset is available as hr.

This exercise is part of the course

Data Privacy and Anonymization in Python

Exercise instructions

Import the stats module from the scipy package.
Fit the exponnorm distribution to the continuous variable monthly_income to obtain the parameters of the distribution and later generate the samples.
Sample from the exponnorm distribution and replace monthly_income using the .rvs() method. Specify the size to be the same as the length of the column.
Round the salaries to their closest integer.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

# Import stats from scipy
____

# Fit the exponnorm distribution to the continuous variable monthly income
params = ____

# Sample from the exponnorm distribution and replace monthly income
hr['monthly_income'] = ____

# Round the salaries to their closest integer
hr['monthly_income'] = ____

# See the resulting dataset
print(hr.head())

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

Data Privacy and Anonymization in Python

AdvancedSkill Level

4.9+

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Get ready to apply anonymization techniques such as data suppression, masking, synthetic data generation, and generalization. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to distinguish between sensitive and non-sensitive personally identifiable information (PII), quasi-identifiers, and the basics of the GDPR. You'll also encounter real-life examples of what can go wrong if you don't follow these best practices.

Exercise 1: What's private, and why do we care?Exercise 2: Privacy is power Exercise 3: Is it sensitive or non-sensitive?Exercise 4: Suppression of sensitive attributes Exercise 5: Data masking and data generation with Faker Exercise 6: Masking sensitive PII Exercise 7: Removing names with faker Exercise 8: Anonymizing with data generalization Exercise 9: Reducing identification risk with generalization Exercise 10: Data aggregation and data generalization Exercise 11: Top and bottom coding White House salaries

Discover how to anonymize data by sampling from datasets following the probability distribution of the columns. You’ll then learn how to apply the k-anonymity privacy model to prevent linkage or re-identification attacks and use hierarchies to perform data generalization in categorical variables.

Exercise 1: Anonymizing categorical data Exercise 2: Explore the distribution of data Exercise 3: Sampling from the same probability distribution Exercise 4: Anonymizing continuous data Exercise 5: Different distributions Exercise 6: Sampling from the best continuous distribution

Current Exercise

Exercise 7: Introduction to K-anonymity Exercise 8: Privacy attributes Exercise 9: Generalizing into ranges Exercise 10: Generalizing data using hierarchies Exercise 11: Using hierarchies for categorical data Exercise 12: K-anonymizing a dataset

Learn about differential privacy, the model used by major technology companies such as Apple, Google, and Uber. In this chapter, you’ll explore data by generating private histograms and computing private averages in data. You’ll also create differentially private machine learning models that allow businesses to increase the utility of their data.

Exercise 1: Introduction to differential privacy Exercise 2: Epsilon (ϵ): the magic number Exercise 3: Histograms with differential privacy Exercise 4: Privacy budgets Exercise 5: Using privacy budgets Exercise 6: When no budget is left Exercise 7: Exploring data with a privacy budget accountant Exercise 8: Differentially private machine learning models Exercise 9: Build a differentially private classifier Exercise 10: Predicting salaries Exercise 11: Differentially private clustering models Exercise 12: Pre-processing data Exercise 13: Segmenting customers

In this final chapter, you’ll learn how to apply dimensionality reduction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) to anonymize large multi-column datasets. You’ll then use Faker to generate realistic and consistent datasets, and scikit-learn to create synthetic datasets that follow a normal distribution. Lastly, you’ll tie everything you learned in this course together as you combine multiple techniques to safely release datasets to the public.

Exercise 1: PCA for anonymization Exercise 2: Anonymization of high-dimensional data Exercise 3: Data masking with PCA Exercise 4: Generating realistic datasets with Faker Exercise 5: Consistent synthetic dataset Exercise 6: Datasets with the same probabilistic distribution Exercise 7: Creating synthetic datasets using scikit-learn Exercise 8: Generating datasets for classification Exercise 9: Generating datasets for clustering Exercise 10: Safely release datasets to the public Exercise 11: Exploring and pseudonymizing a dataset Exercise 12: Preparing employee data for safe release Exercise 13: Great work!