Using hierarchies for categorical data

In this exercise, you will create and use hierarchies to apply data generalization on the bachelors column of the US Adult Income dataset.

An initial dictionary containing the hierarchies is available for you as hierarchies. It holds three categories for the education types: Primary, Secondary and Higher; each has a list of the data's corresponding education values. Feel free to explore it in the interactive console.

We will create a new dictionary that will hold the generalized education information and use to replace the original values.

The dataset is available as income_df.

This exercise is part of the course

Data Privacy and Anonymization in Python

Exercise instructions

Initialize the education_hierarchy as an empty dictionary.
Complete the inner loop to assign the education type key as the value. For example {'Some-college': 'Higher education'}.
Apply education hierarchy generalization to the bachelors column, assigning the result to the new column bachelors_generalized.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

# Initialize dictionary for each education category value
education_hierarchy = ____

# Create hierachy for each of the education category values
for (key,education_values) in hierarchies.items():
    for education in education_values:
        education_hierarchy[education] = ____

# Apply education_hierarchy generalization to bachelors
income_df['bachelors_generalized'] = ____

# See resulting dataset
print(income_df.head())

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

Data Privacy and Anonymization in Python

AdvancedSkill Level

4.9+

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Get ready to apply anonymization techniques such as data suppression, masking, synthetic data generation, and generalization. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to distinguish between sensitive and non-sensitive personally identifiable information (PII), quasi-identifiers, and the basics of the GDPR. You'll also encounter real-life examples of what can go wrong if you don't follow these best practices.

Exercise 1: What's private, and why do we care?Exercise 2: Privacy is power Exercise 3: Is it sensitive or non-sensitive?Exercise 4: Suppression of sensitive attributes Exercise 5: Data masking and data generation with Faker Exercise 6: Masking sensitive PII Exercise 7: Removing names with faker Exercise 8: Anonymizing with data generalization Exercise 9: Reducing identification risk with generalization Exercise 10: Data aggregation and data generalization Exercise 11: Top and bottom coding White House salaries

Discover how to anonymize data by sampling from datasets following the probability distribution of the columns. You’ll then learn how to apply the k-anonymity privacy model to prevent linkage or re-identification attacks and use hierarchies to perform data generalization in categorical variables.

Exercise 1: Anonymizing categorical data Exercise 2: Explore the distribution of data Exercise 3: Sampling from the same probability distribution Exercise 4: Anonymizing continuous data Exercise 5: Different distributions Exercise 6: Sampling from the best continuous distribution Exercise 7: Introduction to K-anonymity Exercise 8: Privacy attributes Exercise 9: Generalizing into ranges Exercise 10: Generalizing data using hierarchies Exercise 11: Using hierarchies for categorical data

Current Exercise

Exercise 12: K-anonymizing a dataset

Learn about differential privacy, the model used by major technology companies such as Apple, Google, and Uber. In this chapter, you’ll explore data by generating private histograms and computing private averages in data. You’ll also create differentially private machine learning models that allow businesses to increase the utility of their data.

Exercise 1: Introduction to differential privacy Exercise 2: Epsilon (ϵ): the magic number Exercise 3: Histograms with differential privacy Exercise 4: Privacy budgets Exercise 5: Using privacy budgets Exercise 6: When no budget is left Exercise 7: Exploring data with a privacy budget accountant Exercise 8: Differentially private machine learning models Exercise 9: Build a differentially private classifier Exercise 10: Predicting salaries Exercise 11: Differentially private clustering models Exercise 12: Pre-processing data Exercise 13: Segmenting customers

In this final chapter, you’ll learn how to apply dimensionality reduction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) to anonymize large multi-column datasets. You’ll then use Faker to generate realistic and consistent datasets, and scikit-learn to create synthetic datasets that follow a normal distribution. Lastly, you’ll tie everything you learned in this course together as you combine multiple techniques to safely release datasets to the public.

Exercise 1: PCA for anonymization Exercise 2: Anonymization of high-dimensional data Exercise 3: Data masking with PCA Exercise 4: Generating realistic datasets with Faker Exercise 5: Consistent synthetic dataset Exercise 6: Datasets with the same probabilistic distribution Exercise 7: Creating synthetic datasets using scikit-learn Exercise 8: Generating datasets for classification Exercise 9: Generating datasets for clustering Exercise 10: Safely release datasets to the public Exercise 11: Exploring and pseudonymizing a dataset Exercise 12: Preparing employee data for safe release Exercise 13: Great work!