Generating one-step-ahead predictions

It is very hard to forecast stock prices. Classic economics actually tells us that this should be impossible because of market clearing.

Your task in this exercise is to attempt the impossible and predict the Amazon stock price anyway.

In this exercise you will generate one-step-ahead predictions for the stock price as well as the uncertainty of these predictions.

A model has already been fitted to the Amazon data for you. The results object from this model is available in your environment as results.

This exercise is part of the course

ARIMA Models in Python

Exercise instructions

Use the results object to make one-step-ahead predictions over the latest 30 days of data and assign the result to one_step_forecast.
Assign your mean predictions to mean_forecast using one of the attributes of the one_step_forecast object.
Extract the confidence intervals of your predictions from the one_step_forecast object and assign them to confidence_intervals.
Print your mean predictions.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

# Generate predictions
one_step_forecast = results.____(____=___)

# Extract prediction mean
mean_forecast = one_step_forecast.____

# Get confidence intervals of  predictions
confidence_intervals = one_step_forecast.____

# Select lower and upper confidence limits
lower_limits = confidence_intervals.loc[:,'lower close']
upper_limits = confidence_intervals.loc[:,'upper close']

# Print best estimate  predictions
print(____)

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

ARIMA Models in Python

AdvancedSkill Level

4.8+

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Dive straight in and learn about the most important properties of time series. You'll learn about stationarity and how this is important for ARMA models. You'll learn how to test for stationarity by eye and with a standard statistical test. Finally, you'll learn the basic structure of ARMA models and use this to generate some ARMA data and fit an ARMA model.

Exercise 1: Intro to time series and stationarity Exercise 2: Exploration Exercise 3: Train-test splits Exercise 4: Is it stationary Exercise 5: Making time series stationary Exercise 6: Augmented Dicky-Fuller Exercise 7: Taking the difference Exercise 8: Other tranforms Exercise 9: Intro to AR, MA and ARMA models Exercise 10: Model order Exercise 11: Generating ARMA data Exercise 12: Fitting Prelude

What lies ahead in this chapter is you predicting what lies ahead in your data. You'll learn how to use the elegant statsmodels package to fit ARMA, ARIMA and ARMAX models. Then you'll use your models to predict the uncertain future of stock prices!

Exercise 1: Fitting time series models Exercise 2: Fitting AR and MA models Exercise 3: Fitting an ARMA model Exercise 4: Fitting an ARMAX model Exercise 5: Forecasting Exercise 6: Generating one-step-ahead predictions

Current Exercise

Exercise 7: Plotting one-step-ahead predictions Exercise 8: Generating dynamic forecasts Exercise 9: Plotting dynamic forecasts Exercise 10: Intro to ARIMA models Exercise 11: Differencing and fitting ARMA Exercise 12: Unrolling ARMA forecast Exercise 13: Fitting an ARIMA model Exercise 14: Choosing ARIMA model

In this chapter, you will become a modeler of discerning taste. You'll learn how to identify promising model orders from the data itself, then, once the most promising models have been trained, you'll learn how to choose the best model from this fitted selection. You'll also learn a great framework for structuring your time series projects.

Exercise 1: Intro to ACF and PACF Exercise 2: AR or MA Exercise 3: Order of earthquakes Exercise 4: Intro to AIC and BIC Exercise 5: Searching over model order Exercise 6: Choosing order with AIC and BIC Exercise 7: AIC and BIC vs ACF and PACF Exercise 8: Model diagnostics Exercise 9: Mean absolute error Exercise 10: Diagnostic summary statistics Exercise 11: Plot diagnostics Exercise 12: Box-Jenkins method Exercise 13: Identification Exercise 14: Identification II Exercise 15: Estimation Exercise 16: Diagnostics

In this final chapter, you'll learn how to use seasonal ARIMA models to fit more complex data. You'll learn how to decompose this data into seasonal and non-seasonal parts and then you'll get the chance to utilize all your ARIMA tools on one last global forecast challenge.

Exercise 1: Seasonal time series Exercise 2: Seasonal decompose Exercise 3: Seasonal ACF and PACF Exercise 4: SARIMA models Exercise 5: Fitting SARIMA models Exercise 6: Choosing SARIMA order Exercise 7: SARIMA vs ARIMA forecasts Exercise 8: Automation and saving Exercise 9: Automated model selection Exercise 10: Saving and updating models Exercise 11: SARIMA and Box-Jenkins Exercise 12: Multiplicative vs additive seasonality Exercise 13: SARIMA model diagnostics Exercise 14: SARIMA forecast Exercise 15: Congratulations!