Output layer using shared layer

Now that you've looked up how "strong" each team is, subtract the team strengths to determine which team is expected to win the game.

This is a bit like the seeds that the tournament committee uses, which are also a measure of team strength. But rather than using seed differences to predict score differences, you'll use the difference of your own team strength model to predict score differences.

The subtract layer will combine the weights from the two layers by subtracting them.

This exercise is part of the course

Advanced Deep Learning with Keras

Exercise instructions

Import the Subtract layer from keras.layers.
Combine the two-team strength lookups you did earlier.

Hands-on interactive exercise

Have a go at this exercise by completing this sample code.

# Import the Subtract layer from tensorflow.keras
from tensorflow.keras.layers import ____

# Create a subtract layer using the inputs from the previous exercise
score_diff = ____()([____, ____])

Edit and Run Code

This exercise is part of the course

Advanced Deep Learning with Keras

IntermediateSkill Level

4.8+

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In this chapter, you'll become familiar with the basics of the Keras functional API. You'll build a simple functional network using functional building blocks, fit it to data, and make predictions.

Exercise 1: Keras input and dense layers Exercise 2: Input layers Exercise 3: Dense layers Exercise 4: Output layers Exercise 5: Build and compile a model Exercise 6: Build a model Exercise 7: Compile a model Exercise 8: Visualize a model Exercise 9: Fit and evaluate a model Exercise 10: Fit the model to the tournament basketball data Exercise 11: Evaluate the model on a test set

In this chapter, you will build two-input networks that use categorical embeddings to represent high-cardinality data, shared layers to specify re-usable building blocks, and merge layers to join multiple inputs to a single output. By the end of this chapter, you will have the foundational building blocks for designing neural networks with complex data flows.

Exercise 1: Category embeddings Exercise 2: Define team lookup Exercise 3: Define team model Exercise 4: Shared layers Exercise 5: Defining two inputs Exercise 6: Lookup both inputs in the same model Exercise 7: Merge layers Exercise 8: Output layer using shared layer

Current Exercise

Exercise 9: Model using two inputs and one output Exercise 10: Predict from your model Exercise 11: Fit the model to the regular season training data Exercise 12: Evaluate the model on the tournament test data

In this chapter, you will extend your 2-input model to 3 inputs, and learn how to use Keras' summary and plot functions to understand the parameters and topology of your neural networks. By the end of the chapter, you will understand how to extend a 2-input model to 3 inputs and beyond.

Exercise 1: Three-input models Exercise 2: Make an input layer for home vs. away Exercise 3: Make a model and compile it Exercise 4: Fit the model and evaluate Exercise 5: Summarizing and plotting models Exercise 6: Model summaries Exercise 7: Plotting models Exercise 8: Stacking models Exercise 9: Add the model predictions to the tournament data Exercise 10: Create an input layer with multiple columns Exercise 11: Fit the model Exercise 12: Evaluate the model

In this chapter, you will build neural networks with multiple outputs, which can be used to solve regression problems with multiple targets. You will also build a model that solves a regression problem and a classification problem simultaneously.

Exercise 1: Two-output models Exercise 2: Simple two-output model Exercise 3: Fit a model with two outputs Exercise 4: Inspect the model (I)Exercise 5: Evaluate the model Exercise 6: Single model for classification and regression Exercise 7: Classification and regression in one model Exercise 8: Compile and fit the model Exercise 9: Inspect the model (II)Exercise 10: Evaluate on new data with two metrics Exercise 11: Wrap-up